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HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON,
THE OLD TESTAMENT,
INCLUDING THE
BIBLICAL CHALDEE.
FROM THE LATIN OF
WILLIAM GESENIUS,
LATE PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF HALLE-WITTEMBERG,
BY
EDWARD ROBINSON,
Professor in the Union Theological Seminary, New-York.
WITH CORRECTIONS AND LARGE ADDITIONS, PARTLY FURNISHED BY THE AUTHOR IN.MANUSORIPT, AND PARTLY CONDENSED FROM HIS LARGER THESAURUS, AS COMPLETED BY ROEDIGER.
EIGHTEENTH EDITION.
REVISED AND®=
_-PUBLISHED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, ( 51 W ashington-street,
1865.
ΨΩ ἯΙ A, ΤῊ τὴ ! oo Me ΑΕ
if ΝΜ, ἜΝ 1 Ὁ au
ΗΠ DAU LON
Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1854, by en CROCKER AND BREWSTER, on ΓῺ Ὁ ek οὴμηρμεθαν ,
-- ΓΕ ΡΟ ae ry ΝΥ ie ce 1) is ; ae
εν
= toa .. μὰ
Hie SSE TARR OE Ὁ ey ἘΝ VRS IM) ee
ok PS ian TA:
Yor wright. Rie εῖνρε Teed fot) acd leat teh ae
my ἘΠῸ ἘΟΣΤΙΜΞΙ SU ὙΠ ΕΙΣ Titphcnty COUGARS em Set! CTR cree Mat eee ἂὉ τὰ τὶ τι.
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neem hele mers ee eel
ἀπ λεύειν gorge, Werte ree
Mab TO a 5 aime rere et AN, SOME Set
eee ἐπαύθοα, ars rhs, ΠῚ SOT μὴν cas oman soil Dh
PIH233 PREFACE, Gu (365 MAIN
BY THE TRANSLATOR, -
, Wru1am Gesenrus, the author of this work, was born at Nord-. 2: musen, Feb. 3d, 1786 ; and died at Halle, Oct. 23d, 1842, aged 56 ‘years 8} months. His life was devoted to the illustration of the Hebrew language ; first, its Lexicography, and then its Grammar and the inter- pretation « of the Sacred Writings. _ The works of Gesenius in the department of Hebrew Lexicography were the following, arranged chronologically. ς΄ -Hebriiisch-deutsches Handwirterbuch des Alten Testaments, 2 vols. Fv. Leipz. 1810-12. The first volume was published at the age of twenty-four, in the same year in which the Author became Professor οὗ Theology at Halle——Translated and published in England by Chris- _topher Leo: A Hebrew Lewicon, etc. 2 vols. 4to. Cambr. 1825. Neues Hebriiisch-deutsches Handwirterbuch, einer fiir Schulen um- _ gearbeiteter Auszug, etc. 8vo, Leipz. 1815.—Translated and published in this country by J. W. Gibbs: A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, etc. 8vo. Andover 1824, : : Hebriiisches und Chaldiisches Handwirterbuch iiber das Alte Testa- ' ment, 8vo. Leipz. 1823. A new and improved edition of the preceding, introduced by a valuable Essay on the Sources of Hebrew Lexicography. ‘This essay was translated and printed in the Biblical Repository, 1833, Ῥ 1sq. The same work, 3d edit. Leipz. 1828. This edition received many improvements, especially in the Particles. Of each of the editions of the above Manual three thousand copies _ were printed. Thesaurus philologicus criticus Lingue Hebreee et Chaldee Veteris ᾿ Testamenti, Tom. I. Fascic. 1. Lips.1829. The printing was completed _ two years earlier; and this number was presented to Niemeyer, to _ whom it was dedicated, on the day of his Jubilewm, in April 1827.
μ᾿ Lexicon Manuale ἀπδμοξανοι et Chaldaicum in V. T. Libros, 8vo.. 4 Lips. 1833.
IV PREFACE,
Hebriiisches und Chaldiiisches Handwirterbuch, etc. Leipz. 1834, — A new edition of the German Manual, conformed to the preceding — Latin edition. |
Thesaurus philologicus, etc. Tom. I. Fascic. 2, Lips. 1835.—Tom. 11, Fascic. 1. ib. 1839. Fascic. 2. ib. 1840.—Tom. III. Fascic. 1. ib, 1842. This last Part includes the root \2¥ and its derivatives ; and here the Author’s labours terminated. The completion of this great work, in another Part, was intrusted by Gesenius at his death to his friend and ~ colleague Roediger. :
The above works are all distinguished by accurate and thorough — research, and by-a skilful and judicious use of the materials collected, which ΠΩ the Author in the first rank of modern philologists. ei them was first exhibited a complete specimen of what may be termed — the historico-logical method of lexicography ; which first investigates the primary and native signification of a word, and thén deduces from it in logical order the subordinate meanings and shades of sense, as” found in various constructions and in the usage of different ages ak | writers ; which, in short, presents a logical and historical view of each | word in all its varieties of eijamodienon and construction. This is doubtless the only true method ; and it was ably followed out by Passow in his admirable Greek Lexicon.
Of all the labours of Gesenius above enumerated, it will be seen that, with the exception of the present work, only the two earliest have ne translated into English.
The work of which the present volume is a translation, was com- menced by the Author in the year 1827 ; and was at first intended to be nothing more than a Latin version of the German edition.of 1828, for the use of foreign students unacquainted with the German tongue, But about this time, the views of comparative philology, especially in respect to the Indo-Huropean languages, developed by Bopp and Grimm in various works, and applied to the Hebrew and its kindred tongues — by Hupfeld, Ewald, and others, appear to have given a new direction, or rather a new impulse, to the studies of Gesenius ; and these pur- suits, together with official duties, caused a suspension of the Thesaurus, and also protracted the completion of the Latin Manual until the close of 1832. At the same time the character of the latter was greatly changed ; and it became a new and independent work, drawn chiefly from the materials collected for the Thesaurus under the influence of these more extended views.
The work thus exhibited a great advance upon the previous labours of the Author ; both in the wider range of scientific principles, and in . the skill and fore: of their practical application. The main point of
distinction was, and is, a more careful and thorough investigation of the
ὯὮ PREFACE, v primary signification of the Hebrew roots ; the reference of whole fami- s of triliteral roots to single biliteral ones, which are mostly onomato- “ eetic ; and the illustration of these latter from the analogy of the Indo- -European tongues, viz. the Sanscrit, Zend, Persian, Greek, Latin, tothic,. German, English, and other ‘iced dislante, Here it is found, at ‘the Hebrew and the Semitic dialects generally, in their primary 4 ements, (not in their grammatical structure,) approach much nearer tothe great family of Eastern and Western languages, than has usually been supposed. From a similar comparison of other languages is also given a more full and complete exposition of the power and use of the E Lebrew particles and pronouns. From all these sources, the Author vi 7 able, both in the Latin Manual and especially in the later Parts ‘the Thesaurus, not indeed to obtain a new basis for Hebrew | Gra mmar and Lexicography, but. certainly to enlarge and strengthen the old one by new courses of solid materials and a new and firmer cement. _ The same remarks apply to the tenth edition of the Author’s smaller Tcbrew Grammar, published 1 in 1831 ; and reprinted in the eleventh and twelfth editions, in 1834 and 1839, without great change. The eenth edition, bearing extensive δὰ of further progress, was Ἶ published ; in 1842, Four subsequent editions have been since revised ax d published by Roediger. _ To Gesenius unquestionably belongs the high merit of having given an. δ and interest to the cultivation of Hebrew Literature, fax beyond any thing which has been felt since the days of the δοχεῖα At the commencement of his labours, Hebrew learning in Germany, as elsewhere, was at a very low ebb. In the autumn of 1829, the writer was present at the opening of his course of Lectures on the book of Genesis. He,then stated, as illustrating the progress of this branch of literature, that he was now about to lecture on that book for the tenth time in course ; that when twenty years before he had commenced his career in Halle with the same course, the number of his hearers was but fourteen ; and that he had then felt gratified, inasmuch as his colleague, | the celebrated Vater, had lectured on the same book the preceding year toa class of only seven. This statement was made to a class of more ‘than. five hundred hearers. But among the thousands who had been his pupils, many of whom were now devoting their lives to Hebrew and Oriental learning ; and also among others who had been led on by his example and instructed by his labours ; it would -have been strange indeed, had. there arisen none to penetrate further than he into some of the various departments and recesses of Hebrew philology. And it was "perhaps, i in our days, a singular merit in Gesenius, that he was among Ἧ _ the first to admit and adopt, with full acknowledgment, every valuable
A aie i=
ἢ
'
_ result which would bear examination, however contrary it might be to
‘personal observation and an impartial examination of the researches
the present state of the study and interpretation of the Bible, and
grammar of the Old Testament stand upon a higher step of scientific
principles ; and the successive issue of six editions testifies to the spirit
γι PREFACE,
¥ ᾿ suggestion, from whatever quarter it might come; and also every —
his own previous views. The following sentence is doubtless a fair and ; candid exposition of his creed and practice on this point : ‘‘ Unwearied —
of others ; the grateful admission and adoption of every real advance — and illustration of science ; but also a manly foresight and caution, — which does not with eager levity adopt every novelty thrown out in — haste and from the love of innovation ; all these must go hand in hand, — wherever scientific truth is to be successfully promoted.”* To the — sincerity of this language the following pages bear ample testimony, as _ do all his later works, in the frequent references and ackiew et Ἧ to the works of Winer, Ewald, and others.
If therefore it be true, that others have in various respects made advances upon the saztibe works of Gesenius, it may be said without hesitation, that these advances bear no proportion to those which he made upon himself, in the present work as compared with former — editions of his Manual, and in the later numbers of the Thesaurus as — compared with the first.
The master of a wide and useful movement in the human mind has now for twelve years been removed from the sphere of hfs labours ; but those labours and their fruits live, and will long live, after him. Let
especially of the Old Testament, be compared with what it was forty years ago, when Gesenius commenced his career, and it will be seen that in no department of theological or philological learning has the advance been more rapid and great. The study of the Hebrew Scrip- tures is no longer an isolated pursuit, repulsive from the want of scien- tific helps, and the jargon of unmeaning technical terms, Indeed, it may be safely affirmed, that, at the present day, the lexicography and
philology, than do those of the New.y
Out of Germany and Denmark, the influence of this movement in behalf of the Hebrew has been perhaps most perceptible in this western hemisphere. The good sense and ardour of Prof. Stuart early led him to adopt the philological principles and results of Gesenius, and to apply them zealously and successfully in the wide field of his own labour. His Hebrew Grammar, first published in 1821, was founded on those”
awakened, and the results produced, by his efforts in this department
* Pref. to Heb. Gram. edit. 11, p. 7. © + For a fuller account of the life, character, and labours of Gesenius, the reader is weferred to the Bratiotneca Sacra, 1848, p. 361 sq.
es
PREFACE, ime Vil
heology. This was followed in 1824 by Prof. Gibbs’ translation of ὁ Hebrew and German Manual of Gesenius, which removed many of e difficulties still remaining in the way of the student. The publica- n of Hahn’s Hebrew Bible in 1831, and the Latin Manual of Gesenius πὶ 833, furnished great additional ἜΗΝ ; and large numbers of both ἘΞΗ͂Ν were constantly imported. The translation of this Manual by b itie writer first appeared in 1836, in an edition of three thousand ὧν - which were all sold at the end of six years. The later editions omprised six thousand additional copies. Meanwhile the public received the excellent Hebrew Grammar of Nordheimer in two volumes, 1839-41, f which the first volume was reprinted ; and likewise Prof. Conant’s translation of Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, Bost. 1839, Lond. 1840. Of this last a new edition, revised and conformed to the seventeenth edition of the original, as published by Roediger, is speedily to appear. _ When it became necessary in 1841 to prepare a second edition of the present work, Gesenius wrote proposing to furnish his own correc- tions and additions, made during an interval of several years while ca rrying at least four fascici#li of his Thesaurus through the press. 6 arrangement was entered into ; and the corrected copy of the first * ortion of the Latin Manual, bstehdiag to the end of the letter Heth (nm), was transmitted in pill 1842. It was a transcript of his own ‘copy prepared for a new edition of the same work, which he expected to put to press near the close of the same year. The portion sent covers nearly the whole of the first two fasciculi of the Thesaurus, which were ‘completed in 1827 and 1835; and comprises all his emendations to those two earliest parts of his great work. With these his own revision of the Manual ceased. The remainder of the copy was received after his death. It contained, however, for the most part, only short hints anc references, noted down by the Author for future use ; but not wre pent out by him and incorporated into the work. ‘The labour therefore devolved upon the Translator of carrying out the remainder of ἊΝ Lexicon in the same spirit, by conforming it to the latest views ithe Author as exhibited in the Thesaurus. Under these circum- ! ΠΝ it is a gratifying fact, that the Author was spared to revise just Ὁ : those earliest portions of the arr which stood most in need of correc- a tion, and as to which there is yet no printed record of his latest views ; ᾿ hile ; in the remaining portion, the Translator had only to follow those Parts of the Thesaurus which had recently appeared, and of course required comparatively very little correction. His effort was to make _ the new edition a condensed copy of that great work ; and perhaps the _ conformity is most complete in those portions not revised by the Author | himself. A large number of the articles, especially the most important, . had to be entirely es eas
Vill PREFACE,
In preparing for a third edition, as the author of the Thesau now rested from his labours, and the completion of that work δε. Roediger was supposed to be near at hand, the publishers concluded to stereotype the present volume, and tps give it a more correct and — permanent form. This was accordingly done, as far as to p. 1032 | inclusive ; with the exception of pages 623-634, But the expected — final τὼν not having appeared, the remaining pages of the third and fourth editions, in 1849 and 1850, were issued in letter-press. =
In the final revision for the plates of the third edition, the Trans- lator made numerous, minor corrections ; and occasionally added new — information from later sources ; the latter always preceded by a bracket, — and followed by the letter 2. The most important change of this kind — was in the article "9, Great care was taken to secure the utmost correctness. The pages were first read over by Mr. W. W. Turner, — the extent and accuracy of whose learning, as a Hebrew scholar and — general philologist, are well known ; and the last proofs always passed — under my own eye, and were laboriously compared throughout with the — originals. Various corrections in the work itself, and much of the mi- — nute filing, were contributed by Mr. Turner ; and occasionally a remark — added at his suggestion is distinguished by the letter 7'—The errors since discovered during the five years in which the volume has been in use, have been mostly corrected in the plates, A few corrections and some additions, which could not well be made in the plates, are given in the ries
From various unforeseen causes, the sixth Part of the Thesaurus, prepared by Roediger, was not published until 1853, nearly eleven years after the decease of Gesenius. This Part completes the Text of the Thesaurus ; and shows in itself throughout, that the work could not have been entrusted to abler hands. The leading features of the _ preceding portion of the work are of course, retained ; though the coms parison of the Indo-European tongues is somewhat less prominent. The general tone of the investigations manifests perhaps a deeper philosophical spirit. τ | In now completing the present volume in its permanent fone in
accordance with this concluding Part of the Thesaurus, the Translator has only followed out the same principles as in the fnan portion. The more important articles have all been rewritten ; while most of the ‘others, have been corrected and enlarged. . For κὐὰ accuracy of the printing in these pages, he alone is responsible-—The great effort of the Translator has at all times been, to make the work a condensed and faithful transcript of the latest views and labours of its distinguished Authors, as comprised 1 in the pages of the Thesaurus. Indeed, it is not too much to say, that the present volume exhibits
ΟΡΒΕΕΑΟΘΕ, ix
᾿ only full summary of the latest labours and results of Gesenius in ie department of Hebrew Lexicography. No other work yet pub- shed, of whatever pretensions, not even the later edition of the Latin anual itself, bears a like close relation to the Thesaurus and to the ter views and corrections of its Author. ἢ “The beginning of Part VI, published by Roediger, corresponds with 16 oe of p. 1033 of this work ; but the subsequent pages by no eans cover merely the same ground with that Part. The order of the aurus is etymological ; that of the Lexicon, alphabetical. Hence 6 Part in question comprises only those roots whith come after 120, ith their derivatives. But in the present volume, many of these Aastve : es are found under the letter 2, pp. 623-634; while, on the other and, a large proportion of the articles under the letter m are derived rom roots which occur before "2a. These last, of course, were all repared by Gesenius.— Wherever the name of Gesenius appears in the xt, the citation of it is by Roediger. The preparation and printing of the Thesaurus were thus spread it over more than a quarter of a century. In the long period of his wn labours, as is said above, the principal Author made constant pro- re 5. in his studies ; and thus naturally was led to change his views ἢ various points. In respect to new expositions of various passages, ; hich Gesenius had formerly been led to propose, it was his own ut ark, that the older he grew the more he was inclined to return in fery many cases to the long-received methods of interpretation. He s often done so in the later portions of the Thesaurus, as compared. ith the first two Parts ; and these changes are incorporated in the sent volume, partly from his own pen. Occasionally, Roediger also 5. given an exposition of a particular passage, differing from a pre- ‘ ling one by Gesenius. Hence, in a few instances, the same passage vill be found differently explained in different parts of the work. In a4 of these cases, if not in all, a reference is made from one place to 5 other, either in the text or in the Addenda. | The Translator has added nothing of his own ; except an occasional remark or reference, always with his signature. Nothing more seemed to be necessary ; since the work is purely philological, and rarely pre- sents an allusion to theological views,
1
“1
E. ROBINSON.
- Union Tueonocican SEMINARY, New-York, October, 1854.
: s
FOR THE STUDENT. . aor
The following are the full Titles of works by the Author (and one by the
Translator) often referred to in the following pages : ἃ "ἢ Thesaur. i, e. Thesaurus Philologicus criticus Lingue Hebree et Chaldee V. τ See Pref. p. iii, iv. ΐ Lehrgebdude der Hebritischen Sprache, Leipz. 1817. v Hebriische Grammatik, 14th edition, revised by Roediger, Leipz 1845. English, with the same divisions, Hebrew Grammar, etc. by M. Stuart, Andover, 1847; also by T. J. Conant, New-York, — 1847.—The same work, 17th edition, Leipz. 1854. English. by T. J. Conant, New-York, 1854. Gesch. der Heb. Spr. “ Geschichte der Hebrdischen Sprache wnd Schrift, Leipz. 1815. Comment. on Is. . “ δον Prophet Jesaia, iibersetzt und mit einem Commentar solitlel 4 Theile, Leipz. 1820-21. The first Part, containing the Trans- lation, was reprinted separately in 1829. Monumm. Phen. “ Scripture Lingueque Pheniciea Monumenta quotquot euperunt, 4to. Lips. 1837. Bibl. Res. in Palest.. “ Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai, and Arabia Petra, by E. Rosiyson and E. Sura. 8 vols, Boston, 1841. Lond, 1841. The references to this work were made by Gesenius in : those parts of the Thesaurus and Manual prepared by him after its publication. In the other parts they have been added by the Translator.—A new and enlarged edition of this work is soon to appear
Lehrgb. or Lgb. Heb. Gr.
ADDENDA.
The student is requested to mark the following Addenda in the proper places.
Pa 2 27. col. 1, before Art. Wx add this article :
32, 38.
ς
( .Ψ
mS, see M2108. ?
2, 1.3 from hott. for ‘ q. d. etc.’ read: himself.
1, 1. 25sq. read: ksatrapa, pr. protector (representative) of the regal power, viceroy ; Lassen in Zeitschr. f. d. Morgenl. VI. p. 18.
1,1. 6 from bott. read: khysyarsé, rex pius, Lassen in Zeitschr. f. d. Morgenl. VI. p. 124. It is certain, etc.
lit. soothes it, keeps it within
2, 1. 3 from bott. after to say; add: but see in "2% II. Note.’ Comp. 2, 1. 3, add at the end: See more inr. p23.
1,1. 15, after 166, add: Irby and Mangles p. 478.
2, bott. after [41]. add: In ν. 6 [21] written ἈΝ q. v.
1, 1. 22, for come among us, read: fall upon us round about.
1, 1. 20, for wounded, read: hurt, broken ;
1,1. 2, for Keri, read: Kethibh ;
1, 1. 16 from bott. dele : Nah. 2, 3.
1, |. 3 from bott. add: See τ. δ Hiph. p. 1102.
2
, after Art. "25"3 add this article: M24 (garden, τ. 123) Ginath, pr. n. m. 1 K. 16, 21. 22. 1, 1. 12, read: to speak; see more in r. "721 II. Note. 2, before Art. M115 add this article : DN'I14, see in "357.
2, 1. 4 from bott. after other. add: But see in r. 3" no. 1. 9.1. 11 from bott. add: See Biblioth. Sac. 1848, p. 684.
1, 1. 7 from bott. after m. add: emphat. ἐς ΒΌΤΙ,
1, 1. 15 from bott. dele: Zech. 10, 11.
1, 1. 13 from bott. read: In two places only it is spoken of the Eu- phrates, Zech. 10, 11. Dan. 12, 5. 6. 7. 1, 1. 20, before 1. add: ‘aleo "BD Job 38, 29. ‘ before Art. pp add this article : . ᾿ “DD, see “BD. 2, 1. 3, and of the line, add: Russell’s Aleppo I. p. 76. Biblioth. Sac. 1848. p. 473. 1, 1. 16 from bott. before d) add: Also of the Holy Land, Jer. 2, 7. 16. 18. Ps. 79, 1. Ex. 15, 7. 2, before Art. 0°2"¥ add this article: JZ Chald. m. constr. 4°; plur. }°299, constr. "299; an eye, κα Heb. Ezra 5, 5. Dan. 4, 31. 7, 8. 20. 2, after Art. ΒΞ Ὁ add this article : ‘ minay, see MiDnw.
oy Ἐκ 4 δὰ τὰ" ἀμ A on 7: / ὲ » > Ἢ ‘ ᾿ς ry
~ AGDBEGHA
\ abled gaiwohal ait Haan 6} be! it ae PY J * 4 a A
}
; FS ae ᾿ ΣΤ aid Ὁ} AF . A, yt . ry,
' ° f, ¢ 3 ΕῚ " εἰ , \ 5" Mose ΒΥ “Sats .b op’ ΟΣ “οὐ noite
fa PEt RAGES aie when ‘HY ΠῚ το δὰ cob φᾷς ἣν se mi ἘΦ ἔ a5 ΜῈ αὶ Ὁ Adela of ded + yorgnie Tee oa do if Pond a ἀντ Suk hari s Gants ρον pie ‘7
} fa) tes” a
r 4 ᾿ bh lett | ant Te Rd Be ΚΟ As Vk Bh Ὁ tet ΕΠ +e
ae ton itt Ri ΤΠ Soe 00. bbb ἡ pte γῇ ita, εἰ “Γ τῶν ὃ. : ; wee Ga σι ας: ΘΟ ΟΝ : eg ph ine Mince Lind ae hoe ΠΕ νον OF 5 Pee WOU i LP als ΣΑΤΟ, otto ΕἾΝ 7, if che Saye Tak Aa ae! ὍΝ iy oe ros oe a as, a, ‘AnD Εὖ Ww ar % a oad: chee tal bio ee % ~ Pay la Piast ν᾿ Ait i): ΔΑ ͵ ts Babes Tas ban ene ‘ah ; REED tg wiki iba ἐπε Dhar odie fe,
ae my tee i eee ~ . | lars ted if Cot νον br Ay! 7 Re fe «i y rt Pad Γι Ry νον "νος ee om Me. . ἀν ΩΣ tL tee SP | "δε ea Pit Pee: τῶν et ἢ
7, » δ, a .- PTA eo ΝΑ. »»- ἀμ» Δ. Ἀρπιρδρον BR 33
Ge yen : Δ ᾿ ΕΣ aoe δὲν ΘᾺ ι we τε Pe! CEA fo OT ΑΔΎΜΝΗ ἃ > ΤΣ
τ δὶ Aout ἐῤὰν Ve Bh but, sinha 4 pi. F cero eae gies she
amy pe ne ee (le ae
spies (ἢ = sel rh ee Daas £ 3 and AE BLS ao Jpn mays Ὧδ0 ΠΣ be ἜΝ h satel io - “te Of Af; » fe he ite i. Ra oe 4 23 Se
ἀν Bh Mr εσδις ee : ae ie tp λα Line ΝΣ Be 3 CRE WHS ἃ ἃ πὸ ao) πῇ abok tte lilt phe ree ἿΝ δαὶ
18 ΡΝ felt Ὁ sath
ae
"dee ΑΨ Ἢ
‘with one another. later Hebrew for the common ΠΝ; A738
Tue name Aleph, like those of the other letters, is of Phenician origin, and signifies o2, bullock, i. q. Heb. 528. So Plutarch. Quest. Sympos. IX. 2: Aleph as put before the other letters διὰ τοὺς Φοίνικας οὕτω καλεῖν τὸν βοῦν. The name is derived from the form of this lecter in the most ancient alphabet, re- presenting the rude outline of a bullock’s nead, still found in the remains of the Phenician dialect: 227 JK- Asa numeral it denotes wnity or 1; and with two points above (δ), 1000.
Of all the Hebrew gutturals Aleph has the softest pronunciation, being ut- tered with a slight breathing from the throat or rather lungs, like the Greek spiritus lenis, and the French A in habit,
homine, which we are apt to neglect,
because we cannot vive them correctly. And since by a sort of common usage in languages, especially in those of the Semitic family, (comp. Ewald in Heb. Gram. § 31,) the stronger and harsher letters in the course of time become by degrees softened and give place to smoother ones, we hence see why in Aramean, in the later Hebrew, and in Arabic, the stronger gutturals “ and > are softened into ὃ. E. g. >upnn, Vet; Dep, Sei, eps; ey Jer. 52, 15 for 7124 multitude, etc. But, vice versa, δὲ sometimes passes over into ™ and 3; and in general, these letters, being very similar in pro- nunciation, are very often interchanged Comp. 377 in the
po” ear of grain, comp. Syr. bao tower ; ΠΝΞ and M2, MN> and 492; 4150. ΔΝ and Da to ber sad ; sax and May to. turn (both of then also in Ethiopic) ; ; PSA and 1
553 to pollute ; 2 and 39m to abhor; N23 and 323 to suck in, to drink; o&MB suddenly, from ΣῺΒ a moment, etc. —
Where Aleph is to be still more soft- ened, it passes over into the quiescents Ὁ and *, as 38% and 711 to make one; 28 wa’ to learn; O84, 07, buffalo; Wa for “δὰ a well. Hence it comes, that | many verbs NB accord in signification — with verbs 59, comp. Heb. Gr. § 76. 25 e.g. WIN and wis; Won, Syr. .Δἢ , to be sick.
In respect to the forms of words it may be notea: a) That & without a vowel at the beginning of a word is often dropped by apheresis, as 52728, 1372, we; ΘΝ, later “ὥ, who, which, whats ny and 4m one, Ez. 33, 30; o°On dis DIONT Ecce. 4, 14; comp. Lehrgeb. p- 135, 136. b) But alao at the beginning of ἐρόνημοι a prosthetic & is often prefixed, comp. Lehrgeb. p. 139. See ΣΝ, D°DIN, MSiasax, IDTIN. This is done chiefly, where a word otherwise begins with two consonants separated in’ pronunciation only by a movable Sheva, as 3571 , ΣῪΝ. the arm; >>Wx Aram. bis. deanna (in which both forms occur) ; ; also TMiMBN for mine progeny; "3% for 773 the fist; ray for 12) a gift; STON for 5132 false. Comp. Gr. χϑές and. ἐχϑές yesterday and also similar examples in the transi- tion from Latin to French, as spiritus esprit ; status, état. In the Syriac man- ner δ is also added before the letter ἢ; as "3 and "Ws Jesse, 1 Chr. 2, 12.
* SN im. constr. "AN, ὁ. suff, "38 73, ἘΞ3Ὲ , 1 pers. "aN (from 53); Plur. miax, γι μαρία niss, c. suff. "Max pa"max, ΒΞ and Onna , father. It isa pennitive word, see πρὸς and is common toall the Semitic diatoutas Arab
ς ? 9 2 2? - δ ὦ ἢ ε a 8 Ys δαλὸν ὦ 8 » > ὁ y 2s beget πὰς ἘΝ € υ τιν ὶ ae “eles δὺ» ἃ © ) 9004 -
.» as @
5 = 9F. Ss fF WI, constr. oof, isl (91, Chald. and
Syr. NB, fof,
1. In a proper sense, Gen. 19, 31 sq. 44,19. 20. al. sepiss.—But tue word father often has a wider sense ;, see Fesselii Adv. Sacra VI. 6. E. g.
2. i. q. forefather, ancestor, 1 K. 15,11, 2K. 14, 3. 15, 38. 16, 2. al. Εἰ. g.agrand-
father, Gen. 28, 13. 31, 42. 32, 10. 37, 35; a great-grandfather, Num. 18, 1.2. 1K. 15,11.24.al. Is. 43,27 SOM FORID WSN collect. thy first forefathers sinned.— Very frequent in Plur. miss fathers, i. 8. forefathers, Gen. 15,15. Ps. 45,17.— For the phrase ΓΞ το FON2, see un- der FON. |
3. i. gq. the founder, author, i. e. first ancestor of a tribe or nation, Gen. 10, 21. 17, 4. 5. 19, 37. 36, 9. 43. Josh. 24, 3.— Here we may refer Gen. 4, 21 the fa- ther of all such as handle the harp and the pipe, ie. the founder of the family of musicians, the inventor of the art of music.
4. Of the author or maker of any thing, espec. a creator ; Job 38, 28 hath the rain a father? i.e. creator. In this sense God is called the father of men, their Creator, Is. 63, 16. 64,7. Deut. 32, 6; comp. Jer. 2, 27.—Here too may be referred Job 34, 36 388 7727 738, Vulg. mi pater, probetur Jobus, i.e. my Father, let Job be tried; but the sense is lan- guid. Others not unaptly make "8 i. q. “a8 wo!
The above tropical senses come from the notion of source, origin ; others are drawn from the idea of paternal love and care, the honour due to a father, etc. E.g.
5. ig. a nursing-father, benefactor, as doing good and providing for others in the manner ofa father. Job 29, 16 Iwas a father to the poor. Ps. 68, 6 ἃ father io the fatherless. 1s. 22,21 a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, spoken of Eliakim the prefect of the palace. Is. 9,5 19 "ay the everlasting father of his people, i.e. the Messiah ; comp. pater patria among the Romans. By the same metaphor God is called the father of the righteous and of kings, and these also are called his sons, 2 Sam. 7, 14. 1 Chr. 17, 13. 22, 10. Ps. 89, 27. 25.
6. For a master, teacher, from the idea
=N
of paternal instruction, 1 Sam. 10, 12 Hence priests and prophets, as teachen sent with divine authority, are saluted with the title of father, out of respect and hcnour, even by kings, 2 K. 2, 12. 5, 13. 6, 21. 13, 14. (comp. 8, 9.) Judg. 17,10
be unto me a father and a priest. 18,19.—
So the Rabbins are called Minx fathers ; much as we use the honorary appellation of fathers of the church, the holy father i. e. the pope.
7. Spec. father of the king, in a similar sense, i. e. his chief adviser and prime
minister, whom the modern orientals call
Vizier. Gen. 45,8 3952 ΣΝ 5 "337073 and hath made me a father to Pharaoh. So Haman is said to be δεύτερος πατήρ to Artaxerxes, Sept. Esth. 3,13; comp. 1 Mace. 11, 32. Comp. also Turkish Isls} Atadek, father-prince, and Lala father, spoken of the Vizier; see Ja blonsky Opusc. ed. te Water, T. I. p. 206. Barhebrei Chron. Syr. p. 219. 1. 15.— Some of the ancient interpreters uit derstand the same by the word 7738 Gen. 41, 43; explaining it father of the king, or of the land, kingdom ; so Luther.
8. Asexpressing intimate relationship, close alliance. Job 17,14 "M83p ΓΙῸ ΠΩΣ "ax to the grave I said, thou art my father ; and in the other hemistich, to the worm, thou art my mother and my sister ; comp. Ps. 88, 19.
9. In Arab. and Ethiopic, the name father is also put trop. for possessor, and is spoken of one who excels in any thing, and is distinguished for it, 6. g. La ‘ father of odours, i. e. an odoriferous tree. So in Heb. only in pr. names, e. g. nibwax father of peace, i. Θ. pacific.
Nore. The grammatical form of this noun may be said to follow the analogy of verbs ΠΡ, as if for N38, Lehrg. ὃ 118. Still it'1s no doubt primitive; since both 2% father and ἘΝ mother imitate the simplest labial sounds of the infant;
as also πάπας (παππάξω), papa, Pappus. —
avus, Turk. sLs.—Besides the usual form of the constr. "2% there is also an ancient form 38, oralso 38, (like 77,
b2t",) found only in compound proper ©
names, as HITS, DIAN, “HIS; al- though even in these the form "38 is also often employed, as 722738, “"YS73%.
SS
| Once in Gen. 17,4. 5, the form 38 stands a , in ordtér to render the etymology 3 of cn738 more distinct and obvious.
ay ᾿ BS Chald. m. 6. suff. 1 pers. "38; F338, ae SAAN ; plur. j738, the letter 4 being inserted (comp. m9), father, i. q. Heb. 38, Dan. 2, 23. Ezra 4, 15. 5,12." Perh. Ay, Seal Seandéather, Dan. 5, 2.
BN m. (τ. 535) greenness, green, ver- % dure, of a plant. Job 8, 12 taxa ΣΤῚΣ _ while yet in its greenness, i. e. yet gréen and flourishing. Cant. 6,11 >m2m “aN the greens (green things) of the valley ; -“Vulg. poe after the Chaldee usage.
> Arab. ὯΙ green fodder.
38 Chald. (τ. 228) fruit, c. suff. F228, the Dag. forte being resolved into Nun, Dan. 4,9.11.18. In Targg. often for "72.
g * 228 in Heb. not used; Chald. Pa. 33% to bear fruit, espec. early ripe, pre- éocious fruit. Syr. 25a to blossom. In
_ Arab. and Heb. it seems to have signifi- ed to be green, verdant, to sprout, etc. see _ the deriv. 38 greenness, 3°38 green ear. _ The primary idea would seem to be that _ of protruding, sprouting with impetus, comp. Engl. to burst forth, to shoot, Germ. treiben, whence =8 pr. young _ shoots; so as to have affinity with the roots M3N, 387, 258, which express de- sire, eager impulse ; see 308.
_ ΔΑΝ Abagtha, Pers. pr. ἢ. of a eu-
nuch of Xerxes, Esth. 1, 10.—It seems to _ bei. ᾳ. 823, and may be explained from the Sanser. bagaddta ‘a fortuna datus’ ; _ from baga fortune, the sun. (Bohlen.)
᾿ Tak fut. 32N°, and at the end of a clause 728°.
1. Prop. io lose onesei~ to be lost, to _ wander about, espec. of a sueep wander-
: £ _ ing from the flock and lost; Arab. dof to flee away wild into the desert, to lose _ oneselfin the waste. So 728 My a sheep lost and wandering, Ps. 119,176; comp. Jer. 50, 6. Ez. 34, 4. 16. Of men, Is. | 27,13 οὖν POND OMTIRA who are lost _ in the land of Assyria, i. e. wander as exiles. Deut. 26. 5 738 "28 a wander- _ ing Syrian. Also of things e. g. of streams which lose themselv+s in the
ἽΝ
desert, Job 6, 18. Metaph. of wisdom become extinct, Is. 29, 14.—Hence
2. to perish, to be destroyed; Syr. Samar. id. The Arabic in this sense
has the kindr. SU. Spoken of persons and other living things as perishing, Ps. 37, 20. Job 4,11; sometimes with >>" V287 Deut. 4, 26. 11, 17. Josh. 23, 13. 16. Also of a land or houses which are laid waste, Jer. 9,11. Am. 3,15. Metaph. of hope, desires, vows, as failing, being dis- appointed, Ps. 9,19. 112, 10. Prov. 10, 28. 11, 7. Ez. 12, 22. Cetin: with > ofpers. 1 Sau. 9, 3. 20 ; seq. 12 Deut. 22, 3. Job 11, 20 ἘΠΕ ἼΞΝ O12 their refi per- isheth. Jer. 25, 35. Ps. 142, 5. Ez. 7, 26 D.PIA HXS ἹΠΞῸ INN on the law shall perish from the priest and counsel from the aged, i. e. shall forsake them, comp. Jer. 18, 18. 49,7. Hence Deut. 32, 28 mis> ἼΞΝ 5 a nation whose counsel is perished, void of counsel, Vuig. consilit expers. Jer. 4, 9 727m 3b TaN the heart of the king shall perish, i. e. for fear and terror. Job 8, 13 525 mpm} ἼΞΝ and [so] shall the hope of the im- pious man perish. Ps. 9, 19. 112, 10. Prov. 10, 28.
3. to be ready to perish, i. e. to be wretched, miserable. Part. 738 one wretched, miserable, unfortunate, Joh 29, 13. 31, 19. Prov. 31, 6.
Piru 7238 1. to lose, pr. to let be lost, to give up as lost, Ecc. 3, 6.
2. to make wander, to scatter a flock, Jer. 23, 1.
3. to cause to perish, to destroy ; Ecc. 7,7 Mima =b-rx ἼΞΝ a gift destroyeth i.e. corrupteth the mind. Seq. 72, to de- stroy out of any thing, Jer. 51, 55.—Spec. a) Of things, to destroy, to log waste, 9 Κα. 19, 18. Num. 33, 52. Deut. 12,2. jin TaN Ὁ to waste one’s substance, Prov. 29, 8. b) Of men, to destroy, to kill, to put to death, Esth. 3, 9. 13. 2 K. 11, 1. 13, 7.
Hipu. 7"3Nr3 i. q. Pi. to destroy, to cut off, as men and nations, Deut. 7, 10. 8, 20; sometimes with the addition of, oon 32 Lev. 23, 30; ὉΠ mons Deut. ἢ; 24 ; also of a fant to lay waste, Zeph. 5. Bis of hope, Job 14, 19—-Very rarely the quiescent δὲ in 1 pers. fut. is dropped, as Ma for MMAXS Jer. 46, 8.
Deriv. 28—738.
‘TaN
TAN Chald. fut. 1282, to perish, Jer. 10, 11.
Apu: S250, fut. 2304, inf MIDIN, to destroy, to cut off, Dan. 2, 12. 18, 24.— Horr. 7255, after the Heb. manner, Dan. 7, 11.
“TaN om. 1. one wretched, unfortu- nate ; see r. T3X no. 3.
2. Participial noun, destruction, Num. 24, 20. 24. See Lehrg. p. 488.
MIAN f. (Tseri impure) 1. @ thing lost, ‘something missing, Ex. 22, 8. Lev. 5, 22. 23.
2.1. yg. ὙΠ place of destruction, abyss, 1. 6. Sheol, Hades, Prov. 27, 20 Chethibh.
FIIAN m. 1. destruction, Job 31, 12.
2. place of destruction, abyss, nearly synon. with ΘΝ Ὁ, Job 26, 6. 28, 22. Prov. 15, 11.
- Ὑ 738 m. verbal of Piel for 758 , hence without Dag. lene in 7, destruction, slaughter, Esth. 9, 5.
TI38 constr. death, Esth. 8, 6.
ria fut. M3N", pr. to breathe after, to desire ; ; comp. the kindred roots MN, S87, SNM, also. S48, 320, Lat. pa ς Hence 1. to he willing, inclined, disposed ; to will, always with a negative partic. ex- cept Is. 1, 19. Job 39,9. Constr. c. infin. either simpl. Deut. 2, 30. 10, 10. 25, 7. Is. 30, 9; or with 5, which however be- longs rather to prose, Lev. 26, 21.2 Sam. 13, 14. 16. Exod. 10, 27 ena ISN ND he would not let pee go. Job 39, 9 WISP B77 MINT will the buffalo be will-
jay id. destruction
_ ing to serve thee? Also c. ace. Prov. 1
25; absol. Is. 1,19 crests ἡ ἘΝ if ye be willing ‘anal obedient, lit. if ye con- sent and obey ; see in by Hiph. no. 2. Prov. 1, 10. With dat. of pers. to be willing towards any one, willing-mind- ed, to obey (often with synon. > 372%), Ps, 81, 12. Deut. 13, 9. Prov. 1, 30.
2. to desire, i. e. to want, to need, a signif. found in the Jorivatives "ISN, VSN. Mss.
Nore. In Arabic this verb has the sense to be unwilling, to refuse, to loathe, corresponding to Heb. tax 8>. But this
A.
ἽΝ
must not be regarded as a contrary sig- * nification ; since the idea of inclining, which in Heb. implies towards any one, expressing good will, Germ. Zuneigung, is in Arabic merely referred to the oppo- site direction, i. 6. from or against any
one, expressing ill will,Germ. Aba tigung, — £
᾿ . . ἮΝ τῶ i. e. aversion, loathing; whence se
stinking swamp-water, pr. loathsome,
S$ os δει9} a reed growing in marshes, bul- rush ; comp. B38, ji73N.
Dariy: Tsk, ‘and those under no. 2.
MAN m. reed, bulrush, papyrus, i. q.
S$ of s Arab. §=(5f, collect. 86}, see r. Fam note ; although the-Heb. word might come from the notion of a reed with its top inclined, bowed down, comp. Is.. 58, 5.—Once ‘Job 9, 26 ASX MPN skiffs of reed, i. e. boats or skiffs made of the papyrus of the Nile, in common use among the Egyptians and Ethiopians, and famous for their lightness and swift- ness ; see Comment. on Is. 18,2. Others translate ships of desire, i. e. hasting with eager desire to the haven, Symm. γαυσὶ σπευδούσαις. The reading M358, which is exhibited in 44 Mss. is doubt- less to be pronounced ΓΞ, an” ‘o be explained of hostile or robber-s-hips, which likewise sail swiftly ; this σ᾽ 7esa very good parallelism to the eagle in the other hemistich pouncing upon his prey. So the Syr. The same sense would also be expressed by the common reading, if for 738 it were written M3.
“IAN τη. (r. 738 no. 2) want, poverty, wretchedness, once Prov. 23 29; after the form ΞΡ, prob, for the wale of paro- nomasia with the words "i% and “in, comp. Lehrg. p. 374 note 7, and Is. 15, 4. 17, 1. 59, 13. So Abulwalid whom we do not hesitate to follow.—Kimchi, who is followed by most interpreters, makes it an exclamation of pain, O! wo! like “ix and “nm. Comp. Gr. αἰβοῖ. Arist. Pac. 1066.
DOIN m. (τ. 028) by Syriasm for DAS , wihenes constr. D°=8 Is. 1,3; plur. ΟΝ a stall, stable, barn, whan cat- tle are fed Job 39, 9; and fodder stored Prov. 14,4. The signif. stall is also ap- propriate in Is.1,3; where however Sept.
see 713537728.
MoON
and Vulg. render presepe, i. 6. crib,
manger, which both here and in Job 1. c. is agi! less apt and probable. Comp.
Arab. ἘΝῚ Chald. 87"5x, stall and crib. So ΟἿΣΝ is also used in the Talmud.
ΤΕΣ ἃ root of doubtful signif: perh. i. gq. 928, 725, to turn, to turn about. Hence
WARS f. once, Ez. 21, 20 23 rnax a turning of the sword, i. e. a sword turning itself, perh. glittering, i. gq. 294M ΤΞΕΓΙ Gen. 3, 24. But more proba- bly it should here read: 34M ΓΞ the slaughter of the sword; and this con- jecture is supported by the Sept. σφάγια ῥομφαίας, Chald. 829% *24p, and the words of the text which follow, ah ! it is made bright, it is sharpened for slaugh- ter, M30; comp. v. 14.15. The Greek
words σφάγιον, σφαγή, are elsewhere often put for the Heb. 929, 730, M30.
press (τ. mua, by transp. for nav to cook) m. plur. melons,
ae |
ee 11, ὡς Per reponenag is Arab. 2 by transp. for 2 Ὁ from ὦ
to debe to ripen ; like δι 1 πέπων Sia squash, from zé1tw, comp. >62. The
Hebrews prefixed the prosthetic δὲ .—
From the above Arabic word comes the Spanish budiecas, French pastéques.
“BN pr. ἢ. f. Abi, the mother of Heze- kiah, 2K. 18,2. In the parallel passage 2 Chr. 29, 1, she is called more fully and
correctly 38%, which is also read in Some copies in 2 K. l. c.
ἩΞ ΩΣ (father of strength, i. 6.
strong, from r. whe prevaluit) Abi- _albon, pr. n. of one of David’s officers,
2 Sam. 23, 31; called also >8°38 1 Chr. 11, 32.
DMAN (father .of strength, 1. 6. strong) Abiel, pr.n.m. a) 1 Chr. 11, 32, b) The grandfather of king Saul, 1 Sam. 9,1. 14,51. In the
Be nealocical table in 1 Chr. 8, 33. 9, 39,
Ner is said to have been the ceandinthar of Saul; but according to 2 Sam. 14, 5, fe was his uncle. The true descent was
as follows: . 1*
"SN Abiel
Kish Ner
| | Saul Abner.
FON AN (father of gathering, i. e gatherer,) Abiasaph, pr. ἢ. of a Levite of the family of Korah, Ex. 6, 24; called also 0°38 1 Chr. 6, 8. 22. 9, 19.
2°48 τὴ, (τ. 238) an ear of grain, a green ear, Lev. 2, 14. Ex. 9, 31 πο ὉΠ Ξη3 (3) the barley was in the ear; comp. for the syntax Cant. 2,13. win 3°aN3 the month Abib, i. e. of green ears afterwards called 1052 Nisan, be- ginning with the new moon of April, or according to the Rabbins, of March; the first month of the Heb. year, Ex. 13, 4. 23, 15. Deut. 16, 1.
ὩΔΊ δ (whose father is exultation) Abigail, pr. n. f. a) The wife of Nabal and afterwards of David, 1 Sam. 25, 3.14; called also by contr. 53738 v. aa 2 Sam.
-of 3, 3 Cheth. Comp. Arab. al for οὖν! what? b) A sister of David, 1 Chr. 2
16; called also 523 2 Sam. 17, 25.
JPAR (father of the judge) Abidan, pr. ἢ. of a phylarch or chief of the tribe
_ of Benjamin in the time of the exodus,
Num. 1, 11. 2, 22.
YAN (father of knowledge, i. e knowing, wise) Abidah, pr. n. of a son of Midian, Gen. 25, 4.
PAN (i. g. 15°38 whose father is Jehovah) pr. n. Abijah.
1, Masc. a) The second son of Sam- uel, 1 Sam. 8, 2. Ὁ) 1 Chr. 7, 8. c) 1K.14,1. d) 1Chr. 24, 10. Neh. 10, 8. 6) 1. ᾳ. 45°38 king of Judah, see the next article.
2. Fem. MAR. ς WPAN (whose father is Jehovah) also AN (id.) pr. n. Abijah, king of Judah, son and successor of Rehoboam, 2 Chr. 13,1 sq. In the books of Kings always written πΞ Abijam, 1 K. 14 31. 15, 1. 7. 8,1. 6. father of the sea. vi maritimus.
a) 1 Chr. 2,24. b) See in
ἊΝ
NWMAN (to whom He, i. 6. God, is father) pr. n. Abihu, a son of Aaron, slain by fire from God for offering un- lawful sacrifice, Lev. 10, 1 sq.
THMAN (whose father is Judah, i. q. mA "aN) Abihud, pr. n. m. 1 Chr. 8, 3.
ΘΓ (perh. for Don7aN) Abihail, pr.n.f. a) The wife of Rehoboam, 2 Chr. 11,18. b) 1 Chr. 2, 29.
FMA adj. (τ. MAN no. 2) 1. needy, poor, Deut. 15, 4.7.11. Sons of the needy, i. 6. the needy, the poor, Ps. 72, 4; see ἽΞ no. 8.
2. poor, i. 6. afflicted, distressed, wretched, often coupled with synon. "32. Ps. 40, 18 1138} 729 "281 and Iam poor and afflicted. 70, 6. 81, 1. 109, 22.—Spee. like "22, spoken of one who suffers un- justly, with the accessory idea of humble and pious feeling; whence in Am. 2, 6 p(s and 77°38 are joined. Also of a whole people subjected to suffering and calamity, e. g. the Israelites in exile, Is. 41,17; comv. 25,4. In the same sense the sect of the Ebionties adopted this name, as being οὗ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὧν ἐστιν ἢ Boorteld τῶν οὐρανῶν Matt. 5, 3.
MIYPAN f. pr. desire, appetite, lust, from τ, IN no. 1; then the caper-berry, which is said to be a provocative of appetite and lust, Plut. Queest. Symp. 6. 2. Plin. H. N. 13. 23. ib. 20. 15. Once Kec. 12, 5. So Sept. Vulg. Syr. The Rabbins use the plur. }721738 not only for caper-ber- ries, but also for the small fruits or berries of other trees, as the myrtle, olive, etc.
S {aN (father of might, :. q. mighty) Abihail, pr.n.m. a) Num. 3, 856. Ὁ) 1 Chr. 5,14. c) The father of Esther, Esth. 2, 15. 9, 29.
J1O"AN (father of goodness) Abitub, pr. n. m. 1 Chr. 8, 21.
Su7aN (whose father is the dew) Abi- tal, pr. n. of one of David’s wives, 2 Sam. 3, 4.
DPSS see 3k.
SND m. Gen. 10, 28. 1 Chr. 1, 22, Abimael, pr. n. of one of the descendants of Joktan in Arabia, prob. the father or founder of an Arabian tribe called 5x2, a trace of which Bochart (Phaleg 2. 24)
“IN
finds in Theophrast. Hist. Plant. 9. 4; where the name Mads prob. refers to the same wandering tribe in the vicinity of the modern Mecea, which Strabo calls Mevwuior, Minei.
TOMAR (father of the king, or father king) in pause ΡΞ, Abimelech, pr. n. a) Of several kings in the land of the Phi- listines at different periods of time, Gen. 20, 2 sq. 21, 22 sq. 26, 1 sq. Ps. 34,1. The same king who in Ps. |. ὁ. is called Abi- melech, in 1 Sam. 21, 11 bears the name of B"28 Achish ; and hence the former might seem to be acommon title of these kings, like the δἰ ὦ Oly Padishah (Pater Rex) of the Persian kings, and att Atdlik (father, pr. paternity) of the Khans of Bucharia. b) A son of Gideon, Judg. 8, 81 Βα. 9, 1 sq. 2 Sam. 11, 21. c) 1 Chr. 18, 16, where the true reading is prob. 322°M8 , as in 2 Sam. 8, 17.
5122 ὲξ (father of nobleness, or noble father) Abinadab, pr. n.m. a) A son of Jesse, 1 Sam. 16,8. 17,13. b) Ason of Saul, 1 Sam. 31,2. 0) 1 Sam. 7,1. ἃ) 1K. 4, 11. :
DYN (father of pleasantness or grace) Abinoam, pr. n. of the father of Barak, Judg. 4, 6. 5, 1.
“2°28 (father of a light) ἀὐδόροι pr.
| n.m. 1 Sam. 14, 50.. ποιόν οὶ “238
Abner, q. ν.
ΠΣ Δὸς (father of help, like Germ. Adolf, from Atta father and Holf help) Abiezer, pr.n.m. a) A son of Gilead, Josh. 17,2; also meton. of his descend- ants, Judg. 6, 34. 8, 2. Patronym. is “an “an the Abi-czrite Jude. 6, 11. 24.
8, 32. —An abridged for Lis mip sy Tezer, Nuin, 26, 30; and the,pat ‘onym. AID "N ib. Ὁ) Olver David’s warriors, 2 Sam. 23, 27. 1 Chr. 11, 28. 27, 12. -
“PAN m. subst. (τ. 728) one strong, mighty, only in the formula 3P2" “73x, PRI TaN, the mighty One of Jacob, of Israel epoken of God, Gen. 49, 24. Is. 1 24.
“PAN adj. (r.9238) 1. strong, mighty, spoken of persons, and often as subst. one strong, a mighty one, Judg. 5, 22. Lam. 1,15. Jer. 46,15. Ps. 76,6 a> "S7aN the strong of heast, stout- hearted.—Poetically καὶ ἐξοχήν put: a)
“SN
For abullock, Ps. 22,13 j82 "272% strong ones of Bashan, i.e. bulls of Bashan. _ 50,13. Metaph. for princes Ps. 68, 31. _ b) For a horse, only in Jeremiah, as 8, 16. 47, 3. 50, 11.—Comp. Heb. Gram. oe μα 2, note.
me. 32: powerful, potent, noble, Job 24, 22. | Ἢ 34, 20. ΘΝ ὈΠῸ food of nobles or _ princes, i. 6. of superior quality, rich and delicate, Ps. 78, 25; comp. Judg. 5, 36.--Ρ τι “aN chief of the wane men 1 Sam. 21, 8.
Ε 8. D> "DN stout of heart, i. e. obsti- nate, wilful, perverse, Is. 46, 12. Comp. 35 PIN.
DSN (father of altitude) Abiram, pr.n.m. a) Num. 16, 1. 12. 26, 19. b) 1K. 16, 34,
JOAN (father of bid) Abishag, pr. n. ofa concubine of David, 1 K. 1, 3. 2, 17.
YAW AN (father of welfare) Abishua, _pr.n.m. a)i1Chr.8,4. b) 6,4. 5. 50. _ Ezra 7, 5.
ΟΠ ΟΣ (father of the wall) Abisi, pr. n. τη. 1 Chr. 2, 28. 29.
_- WAN (father of a gift, see "wi) Abi- _ shai, pr. ἢ. of a son of David’s sister and one of his chief officers, the brother of Joab, 1 Sam. 26, 6sq. 2 Sam. 2, 18. 24; sometimes also written "Wax 2 Sam. 10, 10.
pyburay (father of peace) Abisha- lom, pr. n. of the father-in-law of Reho- boam, 1 K. 15, 2.10. But in 2 Chr, 11, 20. 21, it is written Di>wIN.
PAN (father of abundance, for
anna) Abiathar, pr. n. of a son of Ahi- melech the priest, and a faithful friend _of David, by whom he was made high- priest along with Zadok, but was de- posed by Solomon, 1 Sam. 22, 20 sq. 23, 6. 30, 7. 2 Sam. 15, 24.—For 2 Sam. 8, 17, see 722°NN.
2 Bes prob. to roll, to roll wp or wind,
-to entangle. Kindr. roots are 752, JIL, _ to entangle, to be entangled, intricate, 132 to well or boil up, as a fountain, 439 to interweave, to braid; also the harsher 727, At, to turn. —Once
Hrrup. to roll itself together, to be
Sa
rolled wp, spoken of smoke rolling up- wards in a dense column; Is. 9, 17 yOP MANA ADaNN" so that (the thickets) shall roll upwards as the mounting up of smoke ; comp. Syr. Vulg.—Syr. y=} 2} is explained by the grammarians as i. q. te be proud, to walk proudly, perh. pr. "ἴω roll oneself forwards,’ in the manner of a corpulent man.
nite 22N fit. Dax, to mourn, seq. >> over any thing Hos 10, 5. Am. 8, 8. Arab. Syr. id. The primary idea seems to be, to be languid, to g0 with the head hanging down, as do mourners ; comp. the kindr. roots 58, >2x, vise mba, 529, 883, all which are fram tia Biles ral stock bal, fal, and include the idea of falling, sinking; comp. σφάλλω, fallo, Germ. fallen, Engl. to fall. It is trans- ferred also from the dress and manner of mourners to the voice and to lamen- tation, see >a8.—Poet. of inanimate things, Am. 1, 2 ᾿Ξ ΠΝ) 53x the pastures of the shepherds mourn. Is. 24, 4.7 Ba M2>9N Winn bax the new wine (i. e. the grapes) mourneth, the vine lan- guisheth. 33, 9.
Hipn. bran to cause to mourn, to make lament, Ez. 31, 15; of inanimate things, Lam. 2, 8.
Hirup. pr. to show oneself as mourn- ing, hence to mourn, i. 4. Kal, but chief ly in prose, while Kal is more usual in poetry, Gen. 37, 34, Ex. 33, 4; with >x or >» of pers. 1 Sam. 15, 35. 2 Sam. 13, 37.
Dériv. an 1. 53x.
oe Ἐ ᾿ 11.528, Arab. (οἱ and dot to be moist, wet, sc. with the moisture of
grass; hence Syr. ‘\a4 grass. Kindr.
is 553, pA to water, 53} to flow. Hence bax II.
I. 228 adj. (r. >ax 1.) mourning, Gen. 37, 35. Lam.1, 4 midax j¥ 7373 the ways of Zion are mourning, 1. 6.
they mourn. Constr. >2x Ps. 35, 14. Plar. constr. "238 Is. 61, 3, with Tsere
impure ; comp. Arab. dus. Il. 538 m. (τ. 2x II,) prob. a grassy place, pasture, meadow, Arab. dot fresh
ton
and long grass, sea-weed. So 1 Sam. 6, 18, unless instead of mb53n 53 it should read m>45an 738 which the con- text in v. 14. 15, seems to demand, and which is expressed by Sept. and Syr.—It is frequent in geographical pr. names:
a) H2ya-m7a bax Abel Beth-Maachah i.e. situated near Beth-Maachah q. v. [now called Abil el-Kamh, a town on the west side of the valley leading from Merj ’Aydn to the plain of the Hileh, west of Paneas and Dan; see Biblioth. Sac. 1846, p, 213 sq.—R.] 2 Sam. 20, 14.15. 1K. 15, 20. 2K. 15, 29. Else- where 0°727>an Abel-maim 2 Chr. 16, 4, comp. 1 K. 15, 20. Also simpl. >ax 2 Sam. 20, 18.
Ὁ) prow bax Abel-shittim (acacia- meadow) Num. 33, 49; a place in the plains of Moab, prob. the same which in Num. 25,1. Mic. 6, 5, is called simpl. Dow.
6) pvanD bax Abel-keramim, (mea- dow of vineyards) Judg. 11, 33; a village of the Ammonites, according to Euse- bius still rich in wihoyeeds'3 in his day.
d) mbina bax (meadow of dancing) Abel-meholah, a ‘village of Issachar, not far from Scythopolis, the Birth-place of the prophet Elisha, Judg. 7, 22. 1 K. 4, 12. 19, 16.
e) ΘΠ bax Gen. 50, 11 (meadow of the Egyptians) Abel-Mizraim, name of an area or threshing-floor near the Jordan. Here prob. we should read with other points, and pronounce ἘΞ m"4X2, i.e. mourning of the Egyptians; see the context.
PAN m. (τ. ἘΞΝ L) 6. suff ΚΞΝ, mourning, lamentation, Esth. 4, 3. 9,22; espec. for the dead, Gen. 27, 41. "brs Ts" mourning Yor an only son, Am. 8, 10. Jer. 6,26. Mic. 1,8 miss misap bay a mourning as of ostriches, which make a wailing cry. > bax Mb to make a mourning for any one, Gen. 50, 10.
DAN adv. 1) Affirmative, inthe earlier Hebrew, truly, certainly, indeed, Gen. 42, 21. 2 Sam. 14,5. 2K.4,14. Also with a corrective sense, nay indeed, nay rather,immo vero, Gen. 17,19. 1K. 1,43.— It corresponds to the Arabic corrective
partic. JS but indeed, but more, nay
jan
rather; and is derived from r. 33, pr. i. q: Heb. 53, so that its primary “force seems to lie in denying the contrary. The & is prosthetic.
2. In later writers, adversative, but, but yet, nevertheless, Dan. 10, 7. 21.
° Ezra 10,13. 2Chr.1,4. 19,3. Arab. AS but.—Other particles of this kind, which are both affirmative and adversative, are δ, jJ28. Comp. Lat. verum, vero.
aa see DAN.
ij j28 obsol. root, prob. ‘to build, comp. 7323 to build, and 728 to prop, tc support, to found, whence 28 artisan, τέκτων. Hence
J28, in pause 338, c. suff. i238; plur. b'2aN, constr. "23%; comm. gend. most- ly an, and so mi Job 28, 2; but m. 1 Sam. 17, 40.
1. a stone, of any kind, whether rough or polished, large or small. Collect. stones, Gen. 11,3. Spoken of a founda- tion stone, Is. 28, 16; of vessels of stone
Ex. 7,19. Syr. [1.5] id. but rare. Eth.
G17 .—Metaph. 1 Sam. 25, 37 and he became stone, i.e. stiff, rigid like stone. jaxn 2 the heart of stone, i. 6. hard, ob- durate, Ez. 11, 19. 36, 26; also of firm undaunted courage Job 41, 16. 792 {38 collect. hatlstones Is. 30, 30; whence Josh. 10, 11 mibon ὉΠ Ν lores hail- stones, called just afterwards ‘TarI SN.
2. Sec. a precious stone, gem, Ex. 28, 9 sq. 35, 27; more fally yan jay Is. 54,12; 9 4a Prov. 17, 8; 738 map Ez. 28, 13; which last is diss said of finer kinds we stones for building, as marble, 1 K. 10, 2. 11.
3. stone-ore, ore, Job 28, 2. Comp.
Arabic dual yh = the two stones,
ores, i. e. gold and silver.
4. a rock, Gen. 49, 24 Ἐπ δ" jax the rock of Israel, i. 6. Jehovah ; comp. ""%.
5. a weight of a balance, even when not made of stone; since anciently, as at the present day, the Orientals often made use of stones ‘br weights ; comp. Engl. stone for a weight of 14 pounds, Germ. Stein. 4381 jas diverse weights, Deut. 25, 13. 03 "33% weights of the bag, i. e. carried about in a bag, Prov.
ἘΝ
16, 11.—Zech. 5, 8 B53 738 the leaden’
weight. 4, 10 bean jas —Also a plum- _ met, Is. 34, 11 he shall stretch out upon it the line of wasteness 573 "238 and. the ΠΡ συμ of desolation, i. 6. as if all things ‘are to be destroyed by line and rule ; as _ to the sense, comp. Am. 7, 8. _ θ, Sometimes ὦ stone serves as a de- _ signation in geographical names, 6. g. i a) "I> Ἰ3Ὰ (stone of help) Eben-ezer, set up by Samuel at Mizpeh, 1 Sam. 4, 1. 5, 1. 7, 12. b) 5185 738 (stone of de- =f ‘parture) 1 Sam. 20, 19; comp. ΤΌΤ.
Ἃ ἸΔῈΣ § Chald. st. emphat. 8238, id. Dan. 2) 84. 86.
| 258 2 K. δ, 12 in Chethibh for M228 q.v. Comp. in lett. 3.
_ J28 i. g. 738, a stone, only in Dual “223% pr. pair of stones, and spoken:
1. Of @ potter's wheel. Jer.*18, 3 “Sizsxn->> noxd9 ΓῺ» ΓΙ behold. he (the ‘potter) wrought a work upon the ‘wheel. It appears to have consisted of _ two stones, one above and the other _ below, and is so depicted on Egyptian
Monuments : See Rosellini Monum. Civil. Tab. L. Wilkinson’s Manners and Cust. of the Anc. Egypt. III. Ῥ: 164. Originally, and also for potters _ working in the open air, it seems to have _ been made of stone ; afterwards of wood. _ A wooden wheel of this kind is called in ; the Talmud 779, pr. trunk, stem, then _ cippus, then a potter’s wheel made of a trunk, and also:a cart-wheel made in like _manner.—Hence, from the resemblance, ‘it comes to signify
"man sat; made, it would seem, ofa block ‘of wood, and frequently represented on ‘Egyptian monuments. A seat of this ‘kind was doubtless used by the midwife while assisting a woman in labour lying oOnabed. So Ex. 1, 16 when ye do the Office of a midwife to the Hebrew women DSA 53 Ν σΞΝ ΠΤ. jy NIH then shall - ye see (while yet) upon the stool, whether it be a boy, etc. The midwife is di- rected, at the very moment of birth, while she yet sits on her stool and no one else has seen or touched the infant, to ascertain its sex by the sight or ra-
2. alow seat, stool, on which the work- °
pan
ther touch, and, if it be a male, to kill it; as she could easily do by the pressure of her hand or finger, unknown to the parents.
D248 m. (for 423, Aleph prosthet.) 5. suff. 7258; plur. 5°Q23N ; a belt, gir- dle, worn by the priests, Ex. 28, 4. 39. 40. Lev. 16,4; also by other persons of rank, Is. 22. 21. Comp. Jos. Ant: 3. 7. 2: Chaid. 728, 87293, 8IPON,a belt. This word both in Heb. and Chald. is derived from the Persian, where ἐδ (Sansecr. bangha, Germ. and Engl. band) denotes any thing that binds, and also a girdle.
“248 pr: n. m. (father of'a light) Abner, Saul’s commander in chief, 1 Sam. 14, 51. 17, 55. 57. 20, 25. Sometimes called "2738 q.v.1 Sam. 14,50. Sept. 4S.
i ON as in Chald. and Talmud. fo fodder, to feed largely, to fatten ; pr. prob. to stamp in, comp. kindr. 052, and henee to stuff, to cram; comp. Gr. tgé- go, pr. i. ᾳ. πήγνυμι. Only in Part. pass. Prov. 15, 17; of geese, 1 K. 5, 3 [4, 23].
Deriv. D358, O1=N2.
PY2VIN plur. fem. blains, pustules rising in the skin, Ex. 9,9. 10. It isa verbal from Chald. r. 292, Pilp. 3333, to boil up, to swell up; hence Syr. jAcxcais pustules. The Heb: pre-
fixes δὲ prosthetic. Comp. 292, 333.
. yas obsol. root, perh. i. q. 753, fo be white; whence Chald. ἐπ 3 tin. Hence the two following:
V2 Abez, pr. n. of a city in the tribe of Issachar, perh. so called irom tin, Josh. 19, 20:
JEAN (perh. of tin) Jbzan, pr. ἢ. of a
judge of Israel, Judg. 12, 8.10. R. yay.
*
P2S not used in Kal, prob. to pound, to beat small, to bray. from the force of the onomatopoetic syllables PA. FA, 25, PD, which like p73, 47, (see PP, ἼΞΞ. ) express the idea of pounding. beating small; comp. “23 to distil, PHT, 5125. win, also πηγή, πηγνύω. Germ. pochen, boken, espec. Erz pochen. Hence Pax dust, TP3.
Nii. psx: Gen. 32, 25. 26; denom. from 3 dust, recipr. pr. to iat each other sc. by wrestling, and hence ts wres-
Dar
tle, seq. D9. So in Greek, παλαΐειν͵ deedaleiy, συγκονιοῦσϑαι, from πάλη; κόγις. This rather unusual word seems ‘to have been chosen by the writer port by way of allusion to the torrent paltv 23.
P28 m. dust, spec. such.as is fine and light, comp. in r. P28; easily driven by the wind, Is. 5, 24; or raised by horses in running, Ez. 26, 10. Hence distin- guished from “®» thick and heavy dust, Deut. 28, 24. Poet. the dust of God’s feet, for the clouds, as if trodden of God, Nah. 1, 3. Comp. pnw.
MPAN f. id. whence 591" P38 powder of the merchant, i. e. aromatic, Cant. 3, 6.
᾿ “as 1. pr. to strive upwards, to mount, to soar, see Hiph. and the deriv. "38 πα ΠΣ. Perhaps kindr. with "22, “az, comp. Pers. _{ eber, ὑπέρ, super, all which express the idea of above, over,
passing over, transcending ; see in 723.-
2. Trop. of any force or ἐνέργεια, to be strong, mighty, see deriv. βὰς, WSN.
Hipu. to mount upwards in flight, to soar, as the hawk, Job 39, 26.
Deriv. see in Kal no. 1, 2.
“AS m. a wing-feather, pinion, as the instrument of flying, soaring, 6. g. of the eagle, Is. 40,21; the dove, Ps. 55,7. Dis- tinguished from the wing itself, Ez. 17, 3.
MIAN f. id. Job 39, 16 [13]. Ps. 68, 14. Poet. ascribed to God, Deut. 32, 11. Ps. 91, 4.
DIIAN pr. n. Abraham, the founder of the Jewish nation, son of Terah, born in Mesopotamia, which he left to wander through the land of Canaan with his flocks in the nomadic manner ; see Gen. c. 12-25. In the book of Genesis as far as to c. 17, 5. he is called 0958 ‘father of altitude,’ Abram. But in that place, where a numerous posterity is promised him, by a slight change of name he is called Ba73N8 ‘father of a multitude,’
(comp. Arab. la, a great number, multitud«,) or as the context explains it pvia jit ax.—So ontaN SR the God of Abraham, i. e. Jehovah, 2 Chr. 30, 6. Ps. 47,10. cMTSx 277 the seed of Abra-
him, i. 6. the Israelites, Ps. 105, 6. Is.
10
᾿
Aas
41,8. In the same sense simpl. ny75N Mic. 7, 20.
ΔῈΝ a word cried by the heralds before the chariot of Joseph, Gen. 41, 43. Were it a Hebrew word, it might be infin. absol. Hiph. from r. 322, for the regular 7223, (comp. D°38 for 0°20 Jer. 25, 3,) here supplying the place of the imperat. i. q. bow the knee; Vulg. clamante precone, ut omnes coram eo genua flecterent ; and so Abulwalid and Kimchi; comp. Lehrg. p. 319.—More prob. the word is of Egyptian origin, but changed and inflected by the Heb. writer so that, although foreign, it might yet have a Heb. sound, and be referred to a
Heb. etymology ; comp. ἘΠῚ, ΓΙ Ὦ, HIB. The true form of the Egyptian word
which lies hid in 323%, 15 prob. either é.JPeK afrek, i. e. let every one bow
himself, in an opt. sense ; so Jablonsky Opusc. ed. te Water Tom. I. p. 4. Copt.
Vers. John 8, 8; or better é.LEPEK or
éNIPEK; aperek, aprek, i. 6. bow th. head, Rossii Etymologie Aigypt. s. ν.- See stats in 38 no. 7..
"WAN see tha.
DISWAN (father of peace, i. 8. pacific) Absalom, pr.n. a) The third son of Da- vid, by Maacah, 2 Sam. 3, 3, celebrated for his rebellion against his father; for an account of his life and death, see 2 Sam.c. 13-18. As to the sepulchre near Jerusalem which in modern times has borne his name, see Bibl. Res. in Palest. I. p. 519, 5620. Ὁ) i. ᾳ. DIDWAAN q. v.
ἌΡ * RAN obsol. root, Arab. LSI to flee. —Hence NAN (fugitive) Agee, pr. n. m. 2 Sam. 23, 11. 3 aan obsol. root, Arab.
io flame, as fire. Hence the two foll. pr. names.
Aa8 and 438 (Num. 24, 7) Agag, pr. τι.
of Amalekitish kings, Num. 24, 7. 1 Sam.
15, 8. 9. 20. 82.
"18 Agagite, gentile n. of Haman, Esth. 3, 1.10.8, 3.5. Josephus explains it by “Aucdyxltnyg. Ant. 11. 6. δ,
at { to burn, |
,
PS ae ee
TaN
™ "TAS obsol. root, Chald. to bind, to tie, comp. ᾿ΕΝ , 7p, and the remark under r. Δ. In ‘Arabic some of its derivatives are used trop. of arched work, edifices of arched and firmly compacted struc- ture, in reference to the firm coherence of all their parts; comp. 18 and "338 no. 4.—Hence
AIS £ 1. a band, knot. Haina nina bands of the yoke, Is. 58, 6. _ 2. a bundle, bunch, tied together, e. g. of hyssop, Ex. 12, 22. _ 3. a band of men, troop, 2 Sam. 2, 25. Comp. 531. 4. anarch, vault, 6. g. of the heavens, Am. 9, 6. Conip. Germ. Gat, Gaden, story of a building, from the verb gaden, gaiten, which implies a binding; see Adelung Lex. h. vv.
TUN m. a nit, Cant. 6, 11. Arab. >) Hex: Pers. ys . 786
Heb. word seems derived ἐπ the Per- sian, prefixing 8 prosthetic. Comp. in Jett. ®.
Syr. and
WAN Agur, pr. n. of a wise man, the son of Jakeh, ">", to whom the 30th chapter of Braverbe i is ascribed, v. 1. If the name be symbolical, like Koheleth, it may denote an assembler, one of the assembly, sc. of wise men, i. ᾳ. MBOX 553 Kec. 12, 11. R. ὯΝ.
4 MIN £ a small coin, piece of money, ny, so called from the idea of collect- g, from r. "38;-as Lat. stips in the phrase stipem colligere. 1 Sam. 2, 36. In the Maltese idiom, agar denotes the ame. [Or pérh. pr. hire, wages, from r. “a8 no. 2, comp. Syr. iZpa| Is. 23, 18; then money, 1 Sam. 2, 36, where too Syr. J pl —T.] Sept. Vulg. ὀβολός, num- mus. Rabb. 74 q. v.
s DIN obsol. root, pr. to flow together, to be collected, as water, kindr. with r. P25, which is also used of the rolling
os Waves; comp.in73%. Arab. (ἀφ. } Conj. II. to make. ον together, hence to collect water ; ; (Fie standing water, a pond, Teservoir 5 comp. also "48 .—Hence 238, Job 38, 28 5% "bax the reservoirs
1
like Gr.
ὮΝ
of the dew, i. 6. in the heavens ; comp. in v. 22 the storehouses of the snow and hail.—Vulg. Chald. Syr. give it by drops of the dew, q. ἃ. globules, comp. 593 ; but the former is better.
D724 (two ponds) Is. 15,8 Eglaim, pr. ἢ. of a village in the territory of Moab, the ‘Ayuddsiu of Eusebius; called by Jo- sephus “Ayadda, Ant. 14. 1. 4.
᾿ Das obsol. root ; in Arabic:
1. Mid. A, to burn, to be hot, comp. bem, om. Hence 7038 no. 1.
2. Mid. E, to be warm, spoiled, dead, as water ; hefice Das and 417238 no, 2.
3. Mid. E, to loathe, to abhor, and Chald. 538 to be pained, sad, to grieve ; hence 038.
DIN m. (r. O38 no. 2) absol. Is. 35, 7; constr. 41, 18. Ps. 107, 35; plur, 0°43, constr. "724%.
1. stagnant water, a pool, marsh, Is. 35, 7. 41, 18. 42, 15. Ps. 114,8. Spec. of the pools of stagnant water left by the Nile after its inundation, Ex. 7, 19. 8, 1.
2. ig. jaa, α reed, cane, Jer. 51, 32, with which fortifications (stockades, pa- lisades) were constructed. Hence R. a explains it strong-holds ; comp.
ea the marshy lair of the lion. then a refuge, strong-hold.
DAS adj. once in plur. constr. Ub] "238 sad, sorrowful in mind, Is. 19.10. R. DAN no. 3.
MAIS , FAN, m. (τ. 238) 1. acaldron, heated kettle, Job. 41, 12 [20]. Others translate the words 7048) TMD? 77D as a boiling pot and a (burning) reéd. See the root no. 1.
2. a reed, bulrush, growing in marsh es, from 538% marsh, and the ending jj, Is. 58, 5. For Is. 9, 13. 19, 15, comp. mp2.—Hence ~
8. a rope made of reeds, a rush-cord, σχοῖνος, Job 40, 26 [41, 2]. Comp. Plin. H. N. 19. 2.
Ὁ}. obsol. root; Arab. a i. 4,
(see 121) to tread witle the feet,
fo stamp, to beat ; then lo wash clothes, to
full, as a washer or fuller by treading them in a trough.—Hence
ΔΝ
7S m. pr.a trough for washing gar- ‘ments, λουτήρ, from root ΔΝ q. v. then any laver, basin, bowl ; constr. {38 Cant. 7,3. Plur. mina Is, 22, 24. Ex. 24, 6.
ρ OY
—Arab. and Syr. ὅθι! Βα |, id.
D "DIN m. plur. (τ. 93) a word found only in Ezekiel, hosts, armies, Kz. 12,14. 17, 21. 38, 6. 9. 39,4. It corresponds to the Chald. 548, 3, wing ; hence pr. wings of an army, comp. 5722 Is. 8, 8. The Arabic and Chaldee have the same trop. use of the word wings ; comp. Comment. on Is. l. ὁ.
FEN fut. “in 1. to gather, to col- lect, ὁ. g. the harvest, Deut. 28, 39. 'Prov. 6, 8. 10,5. Comp. “δ no. 3, and 735; also Gr. ἀγείρω. The primary ideaseems to be that of scraping together, comp. “713. By softening the letter Ἢ we have bax and 543, which denote the rolling, and flowing together of water.
2. In the kindred dialects it has the ‘signif. to gain, to make profit, from the idea of scraping together ; and hence to hire for wages ; see M38.
Deriv. TRS, PITT , pr. ἢ. “338, and according to. most 543%.
Was \Chald. stat. emphat. SM75N, @
letter, epistle, i. q. Heb. a8 q. v. Ezra
4,8. 11. 5, 6.
STAN m. (for mina, Aleph. prosthet. from r.)73 no. 2) the fist, Bx. 21, 18. Is. 58,4. So Sept. and Vulg. in’ both pas- sages; the Rabbins also use this word in the same sense.
2UIBN m. Ezra 1, 9 503, any “bony Sept. Vulg. Syr. basins , chargers of gold, of silver. ‘In the doris. Talmud this word is said to be compounded from “38 to collect, and 75% a lamb, and basins are so called: because the blood of lambs is collected i them. But there is here no mention of blood. It seems rather a quadriliteral formed with & prosthet. and denoting slaughter-basin, for >was , ΘΒ, see under letter’; and this is prob. i. q. dup, 5:75, (comp. Zab. 505 for >up,)
from \.2 to slaughter, ἐλ 85 to cut the throat.—Some also hold it to bei. q. Gr. κάρταλος, κάρταλλος, which in the Sept. signifies a basket, frutt-basket, whence
12 TIN
‘cause it surrounds the earth like a veil
Arab. ἄλίοιξ, Rabb. dep, Syr (2eS4;5; ; and it might perhaps in Ez
l. c. be understood of baskets of the first- fruits. But this Greek word itself seem rather of Semitic origin, from the verk 44 to plait.
mas f. plur. minax, a word of the later Hebrew, a letter, epistle, espe spoken of royal letters and edicts, writ- ten by public authority and transmittec by a public courier, «yyagog, to those te whom they were directed, 2 Chr. 30, The word comes most prob, from ar obsol. form “38, which denoted ὁ hired, spec. a letter-carrier, courier, from r. ΔΝ no. 2; and was adopted by th Greeks aniies the form ἄγγαρος, see Lex. N. T. ἢ. v. Neh. 2, 7. 8. 9. 6, 5; 17, 19. Esth. 9, 26. 29. —Lorsbach, in Staudlin’s Beytr. V..p. 20; supposes it to be derived from the Persian; comp. mod. Pers. .yO3 LI engariden, to paint, to write, wherice s Lt engareh, any writ- ing.
8 m. vapour, mist, rising from the earth and forming clouds, so called be-
or covering, from r. ΠΝ no. 1. This etymology is also supported by the Ara-~
bic, in which Sul (from τ. Of mid. Ye, to surround, comp. ‘in ‘748 no. 1) is any thing which protects and strengthens — as a bulwark, bark, a veil, also the atmo © sphere. Corresponding is also
ΠΝ vapour.—Gen. 2, 6. Job 36, 27.
MIN see nisin.
ἘΖΊΝ. by. transpos. i. 4. S83 q. v. to pine away, to languish. Found ‘only i in Hix. causat. inf. 2°98> for S482 1 Sam..2, 33. Comp. espec. ih 38, 63.
cmap (perh. iniraéie of God, from
νὸν miracle) Adbeel, pr. n. of a son’ of Ishmael, Gen. 25, 13.
ἘΣ obsol. root, Arab. Shi i. 4. δῷ to befall any one, as misfortune; whence
ss Of misfortune. Hence Ἵππον and TIN Adad, pr. n. of an Edomite, 1 K.
11, 17; called also "95 Hadad, v. 14.
ee ee ν a ee: ἐν
i. 6. my lords Gen. 19, 2. 18.
sTIN
_ * TIN obsol. root, prob. i. ᾳ. M18 and ΤῚΣ to pass.—Hence ἽΝ.
T58 pr. n. Iddo, Ezra 8,17. R. 73%. DISS see chy.
TITS m. (r. 728 q. v-) with suff. and in plur. defect. "258, 20°25; with pref. “IND, WAN, "Kd ; ete lord, do- minus. Spoken a) ‘or an owner, pos- sessor, 1 K. 16,21 owner of mount Shom-
_ron,i.e. Samaria. Hence of the owner
and master of slaves, Gen. 24, 14. 27. 39, 2.7; of kings as the lords of their sub- jects, Is. 26, 13; of a husband as lord of the wife, Gen. 18, 12, comp. Ὁ53 and Gr. κύριος γυναικός, Germ: Eheherr. Also of God as the owner and governor of
the world, Josh. 3,13 yuxq->> ἽΝ, — Lord of the whole earth ; hence called
κατ ἐξοχήν jiIKM Ex. 23,17, and with- ‘out art. πὶ Ps. 114, 7; comp. "278 in next art. b) Of a ruler, governor, Gen. 45,8. So 725% my lord! an honor-
ary title of address to nobles and others _ to whom honour and reverence are due ; _ e.g. to a father Gen. 31, 35, a brother ' Num. 12, 11, to a royal consort 1 K. 1,
17.18; espec. to kings and princes, as 7237 727% 2 Sam. 14, 9. 1 K. 3,17. In
ἢ respectfully iddncentinir a person,: the
Hebrews, instead of the second personal pron. thou, were accustomed to say my lord, and instead of the first person, thy servant, thy handmaid, Gen. 33,8. 13,14. 15. 44, 7. 9. 19 I39-MN ἘΝ FN my lord asked his servants, i.e. thou didst ask us. Ina style of still stronger adu- lation, this mode of speaking is also used in the case of an absent person, as Gen. 32, 4.
Piur. 0°58 masters, lords, Is. 26, 13 with averb plural; andsoc. suff. "=, "25% Elsewhere the plural forms ὉΠ ΝΣ, 7258, c. suff. ">, ὑπο, 52°—, etc. are always plur. excellentia, and of the same signif. as the sing. Gen. 39, 2. sq. Hence joined
_ with an adj. in the sing. number, as Is,
19,4 mvp 0725s a hard master, cruel
lord. Gen. 42, 30.33 ΚΝ we lord
of the land. *735% thy master 2K. 2, 3.
5. 16. Ps. 45, 12; 1258 his master Gen.
24, 9. 39, 2.3. 40, 7. ‘Job 3, 19. Deut. 10,
17 ὈΠΣ ΠΝ 25% Lord of lords, i. 6. Je- 2
13
TIN
howah. Ps. 136, 3. Spoken of idols, Zeph. 1, 9; comp. >93.
Nore. This word is wanting in all the kindred dialects, except the Pheni- cian, where it is applied to princes, kings, and gods, see Monumenta Pheenic. p- 346 (comp. “dda, “ddaric,, Hesych. κύριος); and perhaps the Chaldean, where a vestige of it seems to be pre- served in the pr. n. 7383.
"278 Lord, the Lord, spoken every where zat ἐξοχήν of God, chiefly (in the Pentat. always) where God is’ submis- sively and reverently addressed ; as in the formulas "258 72 Ex. 4, 10. 13. Josh. 7, 8; "278% NIN ‘Neh. 1, 11, comp. Gen. 15, 2. 18, 30-32. Ex. 34, 9. etc. Then also where God is spoken of, 1 K. 13, 10. 22, 6. 2 K. 7, 6. 19, 23. Is. 6, 8. 8,7. Fre- quently other divine names are added ; as Mm" "25% (which the Masorites write mins 25) ‘Ts. 40, 10. Jer. 2, 22; ais ΞΡ Π Dan. 9, 13. eA sto the pS ΤῊΝ “- grammarians differ in opinion. Many regard it asa plural form put for the sing. as spoken of the divine majesty (pluralis excellentie), i. q. 0°25%, the Kamets being put for Pattah to distin- guish it from "25% my lords; see Grain. § 86. 1. c. ὃ 106. 2. δ. Others consider °— i,q. "—, and make it strictly a suffix plural ; ; so that "258 is pr. my lords, then as plur. excell. my Lord, and at last, the force of the suffix beng by de- grees neglected, Lord, the Lord, ὃ Ku
ριος. Comp. Syr. wo and Fr. Mon
sieur. This latter view seems prefer- able, for the following reasons: a) The words of Ps. 35, 23 "251 ">N. 16, 2. b) The ancient usage of the Pentat. where it is for the Voc. my Lord! c) A similar usage in possessive pronouns, afterwards neglected, in the Phenician names of gods, as "25% ᾿δωνις, smbs3 Βαάλτις, for which see Monum. Pheanic. p-400. Heb. Gr. §119.6.n.4. 4) "25x never has the article, and so nouns with a suffix.—To all this it might be an swered: a) That 7258 is plural. But in one place only is it coupled with a plural, Gen. 19,2; in the two remaining passages it is sag iar, my Lord! Gen. 18, 3. 19,18. 8) That God twice calls himself "358, Is. 8, 7. Job 28, 28. But
“IN 14,
this arose from the superstitious practice of the Jews, who never pronounce im" in the sacred text, but always substitute for it "258 ih reading; whence in writers _of a later age this latter word was some- times received into the text itself; Dan. 9, 3. 7. 8. 9. 15. 10. 19. See in 730°.
points (two mounds or tumuli) Ado- raim, pr. n. of a city of Judah, 2 Chr. 11, 9, Comp. “4dwea, Jaga, Jos. Ant. 8.10. 1. ib. 14.5.3. Now [γ9 Ὁ Dara, a village W. of Hebron; see Bibl. Res. in Palest. Ill. p. 2 sq.
DIN see DSN.
TIN Chald. adv. of time, at that time, thereupon, then, i. q. Heb. 18, "18, q. V- Dan. 2,15. 17. 19.—j"1N2 pr. in that time, thereupon, immediately, Dan. 2, 14. 35. 3,13. 19.21.26. "πὸ 772 from then, since that time, Ezra 5, 16, i. q. Hebr. TR.
“AN adj. (τ. 48) 1. large, great, mighty, e.g. mighty waves Ps: 93,4; of a large ship Is. 33, 21.
2. mighty, powerful, of kings Ps. 136, 18 ; of nations Ez. 32,18; of gods 1 Sam. 4, 8.
3. achief, a prince, plur. chiefs, nobles, princes, 2 Chr. 23,20. Neh. 10,30. >po ἘΛΛΗΝΣ a princely boil i. 6. precious, Judg. 5, 25. 82m ™ IN chiefs of the flock i. q. shepherds, ποθ, Jer. 25,34 sq.
4, splendid, glorious, Ps. 8, 2.
5. Trop. of moral fiualities, noble, ex- cellent, excelling in piety and virtue. Ps. 16, 3 the saints who. are in the earth, ἘΞ ΕΝ ΗΝ and the excellent [of the earth] all my delight is in them, i, 6. I delight in them alone.
MOT Persian, Adaliah, pr. n. of a son of Haman, Esth. 9, 8.
7 DIN to be red, ruddy; Arab. mid. E and O, and Ethiop. id. also to be beau- tiful. Once in Kal, Lam. 4,7 their prin- ces... are whiter than πος BES NOUN
psn they are more ruddy in body than corals. Whiteness and ruddiness belong to the description of youthful beauty ; hence it is not correct to refer "278 in this passage to the idea of dazzling whiteness, as Bochart has done in Hie- roz. II. p. 688, and Ludolf in Comm. ad Hist. AAthiop. p. 206; although the
: DAN
Romans do indeed use purpureus of any shining whiteness, Hor. Od. 4. 1. 10; comp. Voss ad Virg. Georg. p. 750. But these writers would hardly have fallen into this opinion, had they not been anxious to make out for 5°3°28 the signi- fication of pearls.
Pua. Part. ὉΠ made red, dyed red, Nah. 2, 4. Ex. 25, 5. 35, 7. 23.
Hipu. to be red, pr. to make oneself red, to redden, Is. 1, 18.
Hirupa. to be red, e. g. wine in a cup, to blush, to sparkle, Prov. 23, 31.
Deriv. DJN—"278 ; comp. also 55.
DIS m. 1.aman,ahuman being, male or female, pr. one red, ruddy, as it would seem. The Arabs distinguish two races of men; the one red, ruddy, or perh. copper- coloured, which we call white; th~ other black. 'This word has neither ec: istruet nor plural form, but is very often collect: for men, mankind, the human race, Ger 1, 26. 27. 6, 1. Ps. 68,19. 76,11. Job 3. 29; DIN7>D all men Job 21,33. Some: times put in the gen. after adjectives, as DIN "25°38 the poor of men, among men, i.e. poor men, Is, 29, 19, comp. Hos. 13, 2; so with 3 intervening, as ἘΞ O7932 Prov. 23, 28.—Spec. a) For other men, the rest of mankind, opp. to those in cuéations Jer. 32, 20 Sx qua DIND in Israel and among other men. Judg. 10, 7. 18, 28. Ps. 73, 5. Is. 43, 4. b) Of common men, men of low degree, opp. to those of higher rank and better character; so D385 like (common) men, Job 31, 33. Hos. 6,7. Ps. 82,7. So in antith. with 6°s men of high ἀρθῇ, nobles, Is. 2, 9. 5,15; Β΄ Ps. 82, 7 comp. Is. 29, 21; ani in Plur. ON "33 Ps. 49, 3. Pro, 8, 4, c) Of slaves, like wp, Num. 16,32. d) Of soldiers, like Engl. men, Is. 22,6. Comp. 878 no. 1.1.
2. a man, not a woman, i. q. WN. Ecc. 7, 28 one man [worthy of the name] among a thousand have I found, but a woman among them all have I not found.
3. any man, any one, Lev. 1,2. With a negative, no man, no one, Job 82, 21. Comp. &"8 no. 3.
4, Adam, pr.n. a) Of the first man, Gen. 2,7 sq. At least in these passages DN assumes the nature of a proper name in a certain degree, designating
DIN
the man as the only one of his kind ; comp. >32% Baal, the lord κατ i. jon Satan. fetid. p. 653, 654. Hence Sept. ᾿ἀδάμ, Vulg. Adam. Ὁ) Of a city near the Jordan, Josh. 3, 16.
δ, ἘΠΝ ΓΞ, with art. DINN~]2, son of man, poet. for man, Num. 23, 19. Ps. 8, 5. 80, 18. Job 16, 21. 25, 6. 35, 8; so very often in Ezekiel, where the prophet is addressed from God, DIN“j3 son of man, i.e. mortal! Ez. 2, 1. 3. 3, 1. 3. 4. 10. 4, 16. 8,5.6.8. Often also in Plur. BIN "22 sons of men, i.e. men, Deut. 32, 8. Ps. 11, 4. al. and with art. "33 pwsn 1 Sam. 26, 19. 1 K. 8, 39. Ps. 145,
12. Ecc. 1, 13. Comp. Syr. were son of man, for man.
DSS and ON adj. f ma38, plur. ΒΘ ; after the form S8p, nbup, ὙΜΉΝ is common in noting colours, see Lehrg. § 120. no. 21; red, ruddy, e. g. of a gar- ment sprinkled with blood Is. 63, 2; of ruddy cheeks Cant. 5, 10; of a chesnut or bay-coloured horse Zech. 1, 8. 6, 2; of a red heifer Num. 19, 2; of the red- dish colour of lentiles Gen. 25, 30. Subst. red, redness Is. 63, 2.
DSN pr.n. Edom. 1. The son of Isaac and elder twin-brother of Jacob, Gen. 25, 25; more freq. called Esau, ὩΣ.
2. Collect. for the Edomites, the pos- terity of Edom or Esau, and likewise for their country, Jdumea. Of the nation Num. 20, 20; more fully D4 "22 Ps. 137, 7, and poet. Dox na daughter of Edom Lam, 4, 21.22, Ofthe country, DI YIN Gen. 36, 16. 21.31; n5x Amos 1, 6; and
‘poy ns Gen. 32, 3 (4). hale. 5, 4,
Where it stands alone, it is masce. when spoken of the people, Num. 20, 20; but fem. when it denotes the country, Jer. 49,17. The country of the Edomites,
Idumea, was the mountainous tract be-
tween the Dead sea and the Elanitic
gulf of the Red sea, afterwards called
Gebalene, Γεβαληνή, now Js Jebal. The gentile ἢ. is "7% Edomite, Idu-
-mean, Deut. 23, 8; plur. ὉΠ ΤΙΝ 2 K.
16, 6 Keri. Fem. mass, plur. misty Bitoméiish women 1 K. 11, 1.
DIS a gem ofa red colour, perh. ruby, garnet, Ex. 28, 17. 39, 10. Ez. 28, 13. Sept. Vulg. σάρδιον, sardius.
15
ΤᾺ DTATS | £ ΤΩΝ » plur. Ε ΙΒΠΘῚΝ, adj. reddish, 6. σ. ἀροὶο in leprous per- sons, Which ‘are described as mind ΓΘ ΠΝ white and somewhat reddish, Lev. 13, 19 sq. 14, 37. R. DIN.
TWAIN f£ 1. earth, Ex. 20,24. Sc called from its reddish colour ; see Cred- ner on Joel p. 125 sq.—Spec. the earth, ground, land, as tilled, Gen. 4, 2. 47, 19. 22. 23. Ps. 105, 35. Is. 28,24. MIN BN a husbandman Gen. 9,20; M278 3AX a lover of the ground, i. e. of husbandry, 2 Chr. 26,10. Spoken of the produce of the earth, Is. 1, 7.
2. a land, region, country, Gen. 28, 15. MT MIN Σιβὰ of Jehovah, i. 6. Canaan Is. 14,2. Plur. ΤΉΝ lands, countries, once Ps, 49, 12, q. d. in all lanaé:
3. the earth, orbis terre, Gen. 4, 11. 6, 1. 7, 4.
4, Adamah, pr. ἢ. of a city in Naph- tali, Josh. 19, 36.
OTN Admah, pr. n. of a city de- stroyed with Sodom and Gomorrah, Gen. 10, 19. 14, 2. 8. Deut. 29, 22. Hos. 11, 8.
“27°38 and "22°38 adj. (after the form’ Ἀ2 20) red, i. 6. red-haired, 6. g. Esau, Gen. 25, 25; David, 1 Sam. 16, 12. 17, 42. Sept. πυῤῥάκης, Vulg. rufus.
“ATS (pr. human) Adami, pr. n. of a city of Naphtali, Josh. 19, 33.
"25% see in pox.
RNIN Admatha, pr. n: of a Persian nobleman, Esth. 1, 14.
* 778 obsol. root. 1. i. q. #8, Arab. ωἷὸ mid. Waw, to be low, humble, infe- rior. Hence 73%.
2. Transit. i. q. 1, to judge, to com- mand, to domineer.. Hence }i78 domi- nus, lord, and "258 the Lord; also
JIS Addan, pr. τι. of a man who re- turned under Zerubbabel to Jerusalem, Ezra 2, 59; in the parall. passage Neh. 7, 61 written πὸ.
TPS m. plur. org, constr. "248, a foundation, e. g. ofa column, base, pedes- tal, Cant. 5, 15. Ex..26, 19 sq. 27, 10 sq. 36, 38; ofa cap Job 38, 6. R. VIN no. 1. - πῶς Ἢ
ys ᾿ 4 ᾿ —
JN
7 "D548 see after TN.
PIA“=48 (lord of Bezek) Adoni-Be- zek, name or title of a king of the Ca- naanitish city Bezek, Judg. 1, 5. 6. 7.
PILA7IIN (lord of justice) Adoni- zedek, pr. n. of a Canaanitish king of Jerusalem, Josh. 10, 1. 3.
AMPITN (my lord is Jehovah) Adoni- jah, pr.n.m. a) Α βοὴ of David, who attempted to usurp the succession, 1 K. 1,8sq. Called also 525% v. 5. 2 Sam. 3, 4, b) 2 Chr. 17, 8. 6) Neh. 10, 17. In Ezra 2, 13 the same person is called pp*25x Adonikam, i. e. lord of the ene- my. Comp. Ezra 8, 13. Neh. 7, 18.
DEAN see wes5y c.
DIN (lord of altitude) Adoniram,
pr. n. of a man who had charge of the public works under David and Solomon, 1 K. 4, 6. By an unusual contraction, called πὶ Adoram, 2 Sam. 20, 24. 1 K. 12, 18; also pit 2 Chr. 10, 18.
F IN in Kal not used, pr. to be large, great, che see deriv. “IN, MIAN;
comp. jolt to neve the hernia, pr. to be
swollen; ἢ iat swollen, inflated, e. g.
the belly. Kindr. is "75 .—Trop. to be great, splendid, powerful ; see in “58.
Nrpu. to be made great, to be magni- fied, glorious. Part. Ex. 15,6 507 τ m9" M22 “IN? thy right hand, Jehovah, is magnified in might, is made plokioue j in strength. The Yod in "7383 is para- gogic.
Hiren. to magnify, to make honourable, Is. 42, 21.
Deriv. "38, M758, W758 , and the com- pounds 72778, 723778.
ὙΝ Adar, the twelfth Hebrew month, from the new moon of March to that of April; or according to the Rabbins, from the new moon of February to that of March. Esth. 3, 7. 13. 8, 12. 9,1. 15. 17.19.21. Gr. ‘Adve, 1 Macc. 7,43. Syr.
τῷ : Oe ae 2. =o $9], Arab. lot, fof, and plot, the sixth month of the Syro-Macedonians.
Perh. from Pers. Af fire. “I Chald. id. Ezra 6, 15.
16 “TIN
“IN see THN7EN. “78 m. pr. largeness, amplitude ;
hence
1. a wide cloak, manile, i. ᾳ. M738, Mic. 2, 8.
2. greatness, splendour, whence Zech. 11, 13 "πὶ ὙΠ splendour of the price, i. e. the splendid price, ironically.
“VIN Chald. (τ. 12 IL) area, threshing- floor, pr. a wide open place, Dan. 2, 35.
yn S- oF Syr. 1321, Arab. οὐδ. Hence some refer it to Arab. yo .excidit granum ; but in Arab. post the nd seems to be. for dd.
PUATIS Chald. plur. m. chief-judges, Dan. 3, 2.3. Compounded from 778 i. q. “38 greatness, comp. ΠΣ no. 3; and TLE judges, comp. "3.
NITTIN Chald. adv. Ezra7, 2.3 right- ly, diligently, carefully, Vulg. diligenter. Prob. it is a Persian word, perh. i. q. Pers.
δ Ὁ... cay recte, vere, probe.
FITTS m. only in Plur. DD TIN 1 Chr. 29, 7. Ezra 8, 27, i. q. 10393, ἃ daric, a Persian coin of pure gold, com-
‘mon also among the Jews while they
were under the Persian dominion. The ἐξ is prosthetic ; comp. in Mishna 41393
and Syr. e5s39. Tha etymology is
not certain, although we can hardly doubt that the word is kindred to the pr. n. Darius, 817793. Others make it either: a) Dimin: from 37-5, daric, δαριήκης, if the common “ena correct in Strabo XVI. p. 5874; or b) A compound from Ifo king (Darius) and ω» appear- ance, figure.—The darie was equal in value to the Attic χρυσοῦς, which, ac- cording to our mode of reckoning, was worth nearly 14 German ducats, or about three Spanish dollars; see Boeckh Staatsh. der Ath. I. p. 23. The coin usually bears the image of an archer with a‘tiara. Darics of gold and silver are extant in the Museums of Paris and Vienna. See Eckhel Doctr. Num. P. 1. Vol. III. p. 551.
J2QTIN (contr. for 23 ὍΝ splen- dour of the king) Adrammelech, pr. n. a) An idol of the Sepharvites or Sip-
_ .
es
OO ἀπ ὺν ὃς συ στ τ γυναι;
“TIN
parenes brought from Mesopotamia to Samaria, 2 K. 17,31. b) A son of Sen- nacherib king of Assyria, who aided in slaying his father, Is. 37, 38. 2 K. 19, 37.
JIS Chald. i. gq. 275, the arm, with ἐς prosthetic, Ezra 4, 83, Hebr. 35%. In the Targums with Patah STI. Hence
WIN (strong, mighty) Edrei, pr. n. a) The former metropolis of Bashan, situated in the territory of Manasseh, Num. 21, 33. Deut. 1, 4. Josh. 12, 4. Called by Eusebius sows, by Ptolemy ‘Adga, by Arabian geographer Zer’a, now Leo Der’. rAccording to Euseb. and the Peut. Tables, it lay 24 Rom. miles from Bozrah on the way to Capitolias and Gadara. See Reland Palestina p.547. Bibl. Res. in Pal. III. App. p. 152.—R.]_ Ὁ) A city in Naph- tali, Josh. 19, 37.
MIS 1. Fem. of adj. "58, large, great, mighty, (comp. w">w, f. mu>u ,) Ez. 17, 8 M338 ἼΞ3 a large vine, i. 6. full of branches and leaves. Comp. ΠΝ no. 1.
2. Subst. a wide cloak, mantle, pallium, 1 K. 19, 13.19. 2 K. 2, 13. 14. Jon. 3, 6. 4220 n738 a Babylonish mantle Josh. 7, 21, i. e. variegated with figures, having the figures of men and animals interwo-
_ ven in colours; comp. Plin. H.N. 8. 48.
So "30 NIX a hairy mantle, shaggy with hair, or (according to eke} of fur, Gen. 25, 25. Zech. 13, 4.
3. splendour, glory, Zech. 11, 3.
Ἶ DIAN i. q. 53, to thresh, once inf. absol. Is. 28, 28 "3510 WiTN threshing
he threshes it.
υ aN and ans fat. SIN7 and IN,
: pers. sn Prov. 8, 17 and snk Hos. 14,
5; inf. nx Ecc. 3, 8, also M238 q. v.
1. to breathe after, to long for, to de- sire, c. acc. Ps. 4, 4. 40,17. 70, 5; seq. "2 Ps. 116, 1.—This sense of breathing
_ after belongs to the syllables 15, an, and with the letters ee aN,
WN 5
comp. the roots bat; 33m, os to de- sire, to love; M58 and nay 40 ‘desire, to be willing. 2. to love, in which signif it is me 2
17
ris
with a3 , ἀγαπάω. With acc. Gen. 37 3. 4. Deut. 4, 37; rarely ὁ. Ὁ Lev. 19, 18. 34. 1K. 5, ae c. 2 Kee. 5, 9. 1 Sam. 20, 17 S33 wD? Mae he loved him as he loved his own soul. Part. a58 a friend, loving and beloved, intimate, different from 558 companion, Prov. 18, 24. Esth. 5, 10. 14. Is. 41, 8 "AGN OMISN 51 the — seed of Abraham my friend. —
3. to love to do any thing, to delight in doing, seq. infin. c. > , Hos. 12, 8 pdy> aX he loveth to oppress. Is. 56, 10. Jer. 14, ‘10.
Nipu. part. 3382 lovely, amiable, wor- thy of love, 2 Sam. 1, 23.
Pret part. 35N9 1, @ friend, Zech. 13,6. ᾿ ai.
2. a lover, but only in a bad sense, a paramour, debauchee, Ez. 16, 33 sq. 23, 5 sq. i. 6. metaph. for an idolater. —
Deriv. the three following.
238, only in plur. boAny 1, Loves, spec. in a bad sense, amours, trop. of intercourse and alliances with foreign nations, Hos. 8, 9.
2. delight, loveliness. Prov. 5, 19 M258 DXA ὦ lovely hind.
8 m. love, in sing. once meton. for lovers, paramours, Hos. 9, 10. Sept. ot ἠγαπημένοι. Plur. D°38 loves, spec. amours, Prov. 7, 18.
MAIS f, 1. Inf. fem. of the verb any, with Ὁ pref. Is. 56, 6 Him puicny mst to love the name of Jehovah. Deut. 10, 15. 11, 13. 22. Josh. 22, 5. 23, 11. With 21K. 10,9 ΕΝ nin mans in Shows loving Israel, i. e. because he loved Israel. In the same sense with pref. > Hos. 3,1, and 72 Deut. 7, 8 ΓΞΙΤΝ Ὁ Dany nim Because Jehovah loved you.
2. love, espec. between the sexes, Cant. 2,4. 5, 8. 8,6. 75; of God towards men Hos: 3, i a tisds towards each other, 1 Sam. 18, 3. .
- 3. love, delight, concr. one beloved, fem. Cant. 2, 7. 3,5.. So perh. v. 10, where others as adv. lovely.
r WIN obsol. root, i. q. 118 to be one, united. Hence 748 and
τις Ohad, pr. n. of a son of Simeon, Gen. 46, 10.
1 ὭΣ: interj. expressing grief, sor-
WIS
row, and imitating the λον ΟΥ̓ cry, ah! alas ! et. Arab. δῖ, al, whence the
verbs at and sf to grieve, lament, like Germ. ach, échzen. Mostly in the con- nection Tint "25x ANN ah! Lord God, Josh. 7, 7. Judg. 6, 22 ; or "278 FIN 2 Καὶ. 6, 5. 15. Alone, 2K. 3, 10»). dat. Joel 1, 15.
AGN (union, τ. πὸ} Ehud, pr. ἢ. m. a) A judge of Israel, Judg. 3, 15 sq. 4, 1. Sept. ’40d. Ὁ) 1 Chr. 7, 10.
NGS Ahava, pr. n. ofa river between Babylon and Jerusalem, Ezra 8, 21. 31. The same is probably meant in v. 15, where we may render: the river that runneth to the Ahava. It is hardly doubtful, that the word signifies pr. wa- ter, aqua; comp. Sanscr. ap, Pers. ab, Goth. ahva, Lat. aqua. It is hard to say what river is meant; possibly the Euphrates, which was called nar ἐξοχήν the river ; comp. "330.
WIN Hos. 13, 10, i. ᾳ. 38, "8, where ? Elsewhere “IN is always pals. fut. apoc. from r. ΠῚ to be; and not improb. it is here an error of transcription arising out of v. 7. 14, instead of πὸ, The words are NIDX 195 Ὁ "48 where then is thy king? the two words Xi®S "rm be- ing closely joined, as elsewhere XiDN πὰς. —Ewald regards this word (Gr. § 444) as compounded from καὲ (i. q. 4) and "i.e. hic, here; comp. Ethiop. UP ibi, “HP hic, huc. So too Hupfeld.
G ae IN perh.i.g. dd, he 1. to shine, to glitter, from the mutual relation of verbs 8D and 33; see Hiph—Hence ὅς tent, from the shining, glittering appearance.
2. Denom. from ὅτ tent, to tent, to move one’s tent, in the manner of no- mades, now pitching their tents in one place and then removing to another. Gen. 13, 12. 18 naS8 bANm , Sept. ἀπο- σκηνώσας ᾿Αβρύμ, Valg. movens taberna- culum suum.
Pret, fut. 5387 contr. 2111, i. q. Kal no. 2, to pitch one’s tent, in the nomadic man- ner, Is. 13,20: Comp. 922 for BN.
Hin. i. 4. Kal no. 1, to shine, pr. to give light. Job 25, 5 “NDI ΠΛ ΤΣ ἽΠ
God. Jerome:
*
18 Is
dame lo! even the moon, it shineth not, i. 6. is not bright, pure, in the sight of
splendet. .Sept. οὐκ ἐπιφαύσκει. The deriv. follow.
DAS c. suff. “boy. aba (sholka), with He parag. FEAR ; Plur. onbnk Syriasm for D725 Leben p. 15% 572 ; with pref. poss Jude. 8, 11. Jer. 35, 7. 10; constr. “ba, c. suff. bak , Pon, Ἐξ Ὦπιν.
Ἵ. ἃ tent, tabernacle, Gen. 9, 27. al. syin S48 jabernaele of the congregation or of assembly, comm. tabernacle of the covenant, i. e. the movable and portable sanctuary of the Israelites in the desert, described Ex. c. 26, comp. 6. 36; also called simply 5&5 1. K. 1, 39. sate the distinction in the tabesunetin between ὉΓῚΝ and 399, the former (snk) denoted the exterior covering, consisting of twelve curtains of goats’ hair, which was placed over the proper dwelling (j247)
i. 6. the twelve interior curtains or hang- —
ings which lay upon the frame-work ; see Ex. 26, 1. 7. 36, 8. 14. 19. 2. a dwelling, habitation, house, Is.
16, 5 73 DAS the habitation of David.
1K. 8, 66. Jer. 4, 20. Lam. 2,4. Poet. Ps. 132, 3:"m"2 brea Nas ox J will-not enter the dwelling of my house.
3. Spec. the temple, Ez. 41, 1.
4, Ohel, pr. ἢ. of a son of Zerabbabel, 1 Chr. 3, 20. yh
MTN Oholah, Aholah, pr. τι. of a harlot, used by Ezekiel as the symbol of Samaria, Ez. 23,4 sq. Put for 7258 (Mappik) i. e. she has her tent, her own tabernacle, temple.
MiDAN see in DDH.
ANON (tent of his father) Aholiab,
pr. Π. of an artificer, Ex. 31, 6. 35, 34.
mame Oholibah, Aholibah, pr. τι. of a harlot, ‘used by Ezekiel as the symbol of the idolatregs kingdom of Judah, Ez. 23,4 sq. lit. my tabernacle is in kat na for ma. Comp. ποτ.
TaD SMS (tent of the height) Aholi- bamah, pr. n. of a wife of Esau, Gen. 36, 2.14; also of an Edomitish tribe, v. 14.
DOS Num. 24, 6. Prov. 7, 17, and TDN Ps. 45, 9. Cant. 4, 14, Plur. a spe
ecce ! ! luna etiam non
- ee Pe ee
7 bai ata ad Δ
_ 4
᾿ ξυλαλόη, in modern times lignum aloés,
=e
“IN
cies of odoriferous tree growing in India, called by the Greeks ἀγάλλοχον, later
also lignum paradisi, and lignum aquile, Excecaria Agallocha Linn. See Diosc. lib. 1.21. The Heb. as well as the Greek name is derived from the Indian name of the tree, Sanscr. agaru and aguru (the r being softened into /), also agarukam. See Celsius in Hierobot. T. I. p. 135- 170. Gildemeister de rebus Indicis, Fasc. I. p. 65, 66. The Portuguese also would seem to have heard the name under the form agulu or the like; since they call this wood aquile lignum.
" “WIS a doubtful root ; hence perhaps
PWS pr. n. m. (perh. i.q. ji moun- taineer, comp. Arab. ,, 9 Ls) Aaron, the elder brother of Moses, Ex. 6, 20. 7, 7; and the first high-priest, Ex. c. 29. Lev. ὁ. 8.--Ἰ τς 23. sons of Aaron Josh. 21, 4. 10. 13; poet. yinAR Ma house of Aaron Ps. 115, 10. 12. 118, 3, put for the priests in general. So Aaron for any high-priest Ps. 133, 2.
WS, constr. ἴδ, a noun after the form 1%, Pf, from r. ΓΝ to will,.to desire.
1. Subst. will, desire, appetite, once —
Prov. 31, 4 Cheth. "28 ἽΝ ὈΌΤ ΟῚ nor for princes the desire of strong drink. Keri "20 ἐν (to say) where is strong drink ?
2. free-will, choice, and hence constr. is as a Conjunction, implying the power of freely choosing this or that, or, either ; comp. Lat. vel, apoc. ve, from velle.
oF Arab. οἷ. Deut. 13, 2 mBia ἴδ MIN the
sign or the wonder. Job 3,15. 2. K. 2, .
16 MINA INNA IS DIT INNA upon some mountain or into some valley. Re- peated 1. q. sive—sive, whether—or, Lev. 5,1 S73 58 ANT IN whether he hath seen tr Texein. Ex. 21,31. Sometimes it is intensive, i. q. or rather, 1 Sam. 29, 3 who hath been with me now these many days, 0°20 Ht ἴδ or rather these years.
of Ge So Arab. 3! , which they explain by (lb.
' —Sometimes also ellipt. for "> ΝΣ or (be
it) that, or (it must be) that, with fut. sub- junct. where we may properly render or else, unless perhaps. (Comp. Arab.
19
=I8 of ; B55 3 c. fut. nasb. ge for Si 2]. wh:ch
is explained by ὧ yf unless.) Is. 27,5 I would burn them all together, Pim τς "33722 or else let them lay hold of my refuge, i.e. unless they take hold etc. Lev. 26, 41. Ez. 21, 15 [10]—Hence
3. As aconditional particle, pr. if one choose, i. q. tf, if perhaps, but if, Sept. ἐάν, comp. Lat. sive, in which lies also
oF
the st conditional. So Arab. 4 is often explained by the Grammarians by ὦ) { an With fut. 1 Sam. 20, 10 who shall ὩΣ me
MOP FIN WIS is if thy father an- swer thee any thing harshly? Sept. ἐάν,
‘Vulg. si forte. (Winer attributes to this
passage more than the context will bear, in endeavouring to make out a disjunc-. tive sense, ad Sim. Lex. p. 26.) Ex. 21, 36085 M32 VW 7D ST IN but tf it be known, that the ox was wont to push, Sept. ἐὰν δέ, Vulg. sin autem. Lev. 4, 23. 28. 2 Sam. 18, 13.— Without a verb, Gen. 24, 55 let the maiden abide with us “ivy ix 0°24 some days, if perhaps ten, q. ἃ. ten days tf she choose ; Sept. ἡμέρας ὡσεὶ δέκα, Vulg. dies saltem decem. In this example the primary sense of choice remains; nor can it be well explained: multos dies, aut saltem decem.
DNAS (prob. will of God, from "8, ἴδ. r. 31%) Uel, pr. n. Ezra 10, 84.
κι a er DN obsol. root,-i. q. Arab. Sit for S τ.
1. to come back, to return; also to come to one’s senses, resipiscere, whence
8 ῳ 9] resipiscens.
2. to go down, to set, e. g. the sun. 3. to come by night, espec. in sping: to
get water. Conj. V, VIII, id. Rad ie τ᾿ water-carrier, aquarius. Hence in He- brew:
δ plur. minis masc. comp. for the gender of the plur. Job 32, 19.
1. a leathern bottle, pr. a water-skin, for carrying water, see r. 21 no. 3. Spoken of skins for wine, Job 1. ὁ. Mad pat own like new bottles. which burst, i. 6. like skins full of new wine.
2. νεκρόμαντις or νεκυύμαντις, i.e. ἃ
ais
mecromancer, sorcerer, a conjurer who professes to call up the dead by means of incantations and magic formulas, in order that they may give response as to doubtful or future things; comp. 1 Sam. 28, 7. Is. 8, 19. 29, 3.—Deut. 18, 11. 2K. 21,6. 2Chr. 33,6. Plur. miak Lev. 19, 31. 20, 6. 1 Sam. 28, 3.9. Is. 8, 19. 19, 3. Spec. put a) For thedivining spirit, the foreboding demon, python, supposed to be present in the body of such a conjurer ; comp. Acts 16,16. So Lev. 20,27 Wx sik DAA MNT) "2 TUN iN a man ora
woman in whom is the spirit of divina-'
- tion, Eng. ‘familiar spirit’ 1 Sam. 28,8 sina "> ar™2Dp divine unto me by the
foreboding spirit ; whence such a sorce- -
ress is called 3i& mb>2 mwx a woman in whom is a divining spirit, 1 Sam. 28, 7. 8. b) For the dead, the shade or spirit evoked. Is. 29,4 ΟΡ 7282 BIND HT and thy voice shall be like a shade out ‘of the ground.—The LXX usually render nias by ἐγγαστρίμυϑοι, ventriloquists, and correctly ; since among the ancients this power of ventriloquism was often mis- used for the purposes of magic.—As to the connection between these two signifi- cations of bottle and necromancer, it prob. arose from regarding the conjurer, while possessed by the demon, as a bottle, i. e. vessel, case, in which the demon was contained. Hence
MAIN (water-skins) Oboth, pr. n. of a station of the Israelites in the desert, Num. 21,10. 34,43. It must be sought in the desert on the eastern skirts of Idumea, not far from Moab.
D728 1 Chr. 27, 30, Odil, pr. τι. of an Ishmaelite. who had charge of the cam- els of David. It signifies pr. Fae of the
ag ci gat like Arab. JST and dust from
ὧδ! camel.—The form >"258 is for 525, as qrain for “81 Ps. 16, 5.
Dae and Pak, m. (r. 22") a stream, river, only in Dan. 8, 2. 3. 6.
* TIN and TN obsol. root. 1. to bend,
to inflect, Arab. St mia. Waw; then io
turn, to turn about or over, to stir, see subst. THN, MITIN; also to put around,
20 ris
to surround, see “IX. Heb. 7539. Hence 2. to load, to burden, to press down with ὦ
Corresponding is
weight ; whinge Out heavy, bargel some, ὅδ a load, weight, Sytl mis-
fortunes, evils, calamities, by which one is weighed down; see "8.
3. ig. Off for Af, to be strong, ro- 5 bust ; Conj. II, to strengthen, to aid, at
and Of strength, might, force ; whence Heb. tka. Comp. 5p and other verbs which also connect the notions of weight and strength.
“TAN m. pr. a wooden poker, with whith a fire is stirred, see r. ΠΝ no 1; hence any burnt wood, a fire-brand, Zech. 3, 2. Am, 4, 11. 15. 7,4. Syr. and Chald. id. Others make it i. q. Dot wood.
ΓΝ plur. pr. turnings, turns, see r. sax no. 1; then circumstances, reasons,
Gee from r. 329 to turn about; Nae way,
causes of things.
manner, cause, from SLA, d4n, to turn oneself; Germ. wm for wegen ; boon be- cause of, from 5>3.—Found only i in the formula τὐπήν τος ἢ ig. "23 59, "29% 53, for the causes, i. e. on accoties of, be- cause of, propter, Gen. 21, 11. 25. 26, 32. Ex. 18, 8; 6. suff. "mitk ἘΣ on my ac- count, Josh. 14, 6. "x nitk~>D Ὁ for all these causes that, for this very cause that, Jer. 3, 8.—In some editt. is found 2 Sam. 13, 16 mink >&, which has arisen from combining two readings, misin~>y and mitix 5».
“Ἔ ms not used in Kal, pr. to bend, . to inflect ; comp. kindr. ΠΣ. Hence 1. to turn aside, to take lodging, to
[3
lodge, to dwell ; 1.4. Arab. ἘΔ Conj. I, Ss
Il; syle a lodging, dwelling. See
deriv. "ἐξ.
-g 2. i.q. Arab. (55: to incline, to have ἃ
bent, i. e. to desire, to long for, to wish ; see Pi. Hithpa. and comp. YB. Kindr.
roots are Max, Lat. aveo, Arab. S* Sanscr. aw, to deaire:
i max i. q. Kal no. 2, to desire, to long for, ascribed mostly to the soul, 85). Prov: 21, 10 34 πρῆδ 9 BER the soul of the wicked desireth evil. Deut. 12, 20. 14. 26. Job 23, 13. 33, 20. 1 Sam. 2, 16. 2 Sam. 3, 21. Mic. 7,1. Without ‘te? ‘Ps. 132, 13. 14. Is. 26, 9 san 7p: ΠΕΣ my soul even I desire thee in the night ; comp. 135 for J, with 1 pers. Gen. 44, 32. Hrrapa. ΤΉΝ ΠῚ, fut. apoc. 18)? Prov. 23, 3. 6, i. q. Pi. but pr. to desire for one- self, to long ; absol. 1 Chr. 11, 17; c. acc. Deut. 5, 18. Jer. 17,16; c. dat. Prov. 3, 3.6. ΤΣ ΤΗΝ ΤΙ fo long a longing, i. e. to long for with eagerness, to lust after, Num. 11, 4. Ps. 106,14. Hithpael differs also from Piel, in that it is never Joined with 52, which is the common usage with Piel. . Deriv. 18 constr. 8, TIX, MY, ἊΣ I, ΟΝ, FyNn.
rales ms obsol. root, onomatopoetic,
to cry, to howl, ululare ; so Arab. (555
to howl, as ἃ dog, wolf, jackal; see the deriv. "i8, "8.
* TIL. TTS in Kal. not used, prob. tosign, to mark, to describe with a mark; kindr. with M&M and min. Comp. 3x, mx I, am, to desire. Hence Hires. ΠῚ Num. 34, 10 535 omnnn ye shall mark out for yourselves a border, etc. comp. v. 7. 8, where in the same - connection is read fut.52>5NmM. Sept. and Syr. in all three passages, xatops-
᾿τρήσετε, ϑϑο 22; ye shall measure out, _ deterinine.—Hence also mix for MIX, a sign.
aN Εἰ (τ. ΠΣ 1.2.) 1. desire, long- ing, 6. τ. after ‘food, with 852, Deut. 12,
2, 24. Comp. in mn 1. Pi. 2. desire, pleasure, will, with 52, ~1 Sam. 23, 20; simpl. Hos. 10, 10.
“FAN (prob. i. q. “IN, ἜΣ, strong, ro- bust) Uzai, pr. n. τη. Neh. 3 25.
| STAN Gen. 10, 27, pr. n. Uzal, a de- _ scendant of Joktan, here taken in a geo- graphical sense for a city and district of the Joktanide in Arabia, prob. the same _ afterwards called Sanaa, the metropolis
TTS 21
15. 20. 91. 18, 6; of sexual aeitre, 7,
bas
of the kinzdom of Yemen ; see Bochart Phaleg. II. 21. J.D. Michaelis Spicil. _ Geogr. Heb. ext. T. II. p. 164 sq. Rut- ger’s Hist. Jemane, p. 217.
"IN (desire or dwelling, i. q."%) Evi, pr. n. of a king of Midian, Num. 31, 8. Josh. 13, 31.
“IRs(r. TIE IL) 1. Subst. wailing, lamentation. Prov. 23, 29. 70> ix 5 "ia% who hath τοι δαί who hath want ?
2. Interj. wo! a) Of sorrow, grief, c. dat. wo to me! etc. 1 Sam. 4, 8. Is. 3, 9. 6,5; rarely c. acc..Ez. 24, 6. 8; absol. Num. 24, 23. Ὁ) Of threatening, imprecation, Num. 21, 29.—Kindr. is "in.
MIN i. α, TiN, c. dat. Ps. 120, 5.
Soe τῇ. (r. 515} plur. ΘΛ ΝΣ 1. _fool- ish, as adj. bay, wx Prov. 29, 9. Hos. 9, 7. More freq. subst. ἃ foolish man, a fool, Job 5, 2. Is. 19, 11. 35, 8. Prov. 7, 22. 10, 14. 11, 29. 14, 3. 15, 5. Opp. toa prudent man (5592) Prov. 12,16; toa wise man (0271) Prov. 10, 14.
2. Impl. impious, wicked, Job 5, 3.
"SIN id. with adj. ending, Sfoatiahy Zech. il, 15.
7370 eal Evil-Merodach, pr. n. of a king of Babylon, who set at liberty Jehoiachin king of Judah after he had been long detained in prison by Nebu- chadnezzar, 2 K. 25, 27. Jer. 52,31. He succeeded Nebuchadnezzar, and reigned two years, according to Berosus in Jos. c. Ap. 1. 20.—As to the signification of the name, 7792 q. v. is the name of a Babylonish idol, and 5"1x is in Heb. fool- ish. But we may take it for granted that some other name of Assyrian or Persian origin lies concealed under this, which the Jews thus wrested into the analogy of their own tongue ; pleasing themselves perhaps with the idea of calling the hostile and gentile king in scorn Merodach’s fool, i. e. his foolish worshipper. ,
ν “ΝΣ with Vav movable, obsol. root, i. ᾳ. δ, >N5, to be foolish, pr. to be turned away, perverse, comp. kindr. 513, and also 538. Hence ΝΣ, "5", fool- ish, M258 folly.
* San and Pas a root not. used in
Oye
the verb, but of wide extent in the derivatives,
1. Pr. to roll, to twist, to swirl, as in kindr. >4n, ban, DMB, bba; comp. «Ago, εἰλύω, ἴλλω, Δ ΟΣ below under τ, Ὁ53.--- Hence bax a ram, from his twisted horns ; also >48 belly. ᾿
2. Trop. to be strong, stout, powerful ; for the connection comp. in 55" and ὉΠ. —Hence >x the Strong One, God; m>x terebinth, q. ἃ. the strong tree; ji>& an oak, Lat. robur; also 5°98, MmA> IN, strength, aid.
3. Trop. to.be first, foremost, chief, from the notion of strength and power ;
sO “a δ to be foremost, to come out
first, ΑΙ first, primus, (pr. princeps, like iN4,) comp. Heb. 583.—Hence Brd5x pbx, the mighty, the chief peix the front part, ᾳ. v. δ no. 2, and pbx, a projection on a building ; nba no. 3, the first place, rank.
DIN m. 1. the belly, body, pr«a roll, roller, from the round form ; r. D458 no. 1.
Ps. 73, 4. Arab. δῇ, df
2. Plur. the mighty, the powerful, the
chief. 2 K. 24, 15 Cheth. yah "3ax the chief of the land. The Keri has the more usual form δὴ. R. δὴν no. 3.
1. "DN compounded from "δὲ constr. is, and "2 i. g. "δ, 8b) 8b, not; comp. are, ΡΝ
1. 7 not, unless, once Num. 22, 33 Sa) "2B. AND. "ΣῊΝ unless she had turn- ed from me, * surely now I had slain thee. Sept. εἰ μή. Aben-Ezra well “b1.
2. whether not, Is. 47, 12; and hence ellipt. [who bene] whether not, i. 6. per- haps, peradventure, expressing doubt, fear, Gen. 24, 5. 27, 12. Josh. 9,7; and also hope, Gen. 16, 2. Am. 5, 15.—Hos. 8, 7 the stalk shall yield no meal, "Ὅτ ΠΡ ἘΞ" mya mvs [or if] ‘perhaps it yield, ‘strangers shall devour it. Jer. 21,2.
—In like manner Arab. ἐπ and ae perhaps, is pr. whether not, ellipt. As to é
its origin, for : J, and its various forms and use, see De Sacy Gramm. Arabe 1. §867, and note. More nearly corre- sponding are the Talmudic particles Nat and Nab" pr. whether not, annon, then
22.
op
whether perhaps, if perhaps, fortasse ; e. g. Pirke Aboth 2, 4 ‘ne dicas: cum otiosus fuero, discam, fortasse (R2W) non eris otiosus.’? Berach 2,1.9. Also ὉΠ Ὡ what if? perhaps, which is put for Heb. sdast Is, 47, 12.
II. "258 pr. n. Ulai, Euleus, a river flowing by Susa in Persia, and emptying itself into the united stream of the Eu- phrates and Tigris, called by the Greeks Choaspes, now Kerah. Dan. 8,2. See Hdot. 5. 49. Plin. H. N. 6. 27 or 31. R. K. Porter’s Tapes Vol. II. p, 412, and Map.
=e DON (Kamets impure,) Plur. ΡΥ itr: "bh no. 3,) pr. the anterior part, hon; hence
1. vestibule, porch, portico, 1 K. 7, 6 sq. Ez. 40,7 sq. Spec. of the vestibule or porch erected on the eastern front of the temple of Solomon, Gr. ὃ πρόγαος, 1K. 6, 3. Joel 2,17; more fully pba
| min 2 Chr. 15, 8. 29,17. The altitude
of this porch is said (2 Chr. 3, 4) to have been 120 cubits, while the height of the temple itself was only 30 cubits, and its length 60 cubits, 1 K. 6,2. This would give to the porch the form of a tower, unless there is here an error in the text. Perhaps for D°"w>" MRA we may read with Meyer and others DW mix twenty cubits.
2. Adv. pr. in front, and therefore op- posite, on the contrary ; hence trop. as a strong adversative particle, but, but yet, nay but, nevertheless, ov μὴν ἀλλά, as Sept. well. Job 2, 5. 5, 8. 13,3. Often also HD4x1, Sept. ov μὴν δὲ ἀλλά, Gen. 48, 19. Ex. 9, 16. Job 1, 11. 12,7. 33, 1. Where two advendiieaes propositions stand one after the other, the Hebrews repeat the adversative particle, as in Engl. e. g. D25Ni—D>IN Job 13, 3. 4. Comp. “1—"D. Once in Job 17, 10 it is written pbx, where some Mss, falsely read ΕΝ lt may be worth inquiry, whether this particle also, as well as "48, may not be compounded from 58 i. q. x an, whether, and 2? i. q.
Ρ
pos, “, not, in the ellipt. sense, [who knows] whether not, i. q. but perhaps. This _ conjecture would seem to be
supported by the Syriac word ἴδ],
ΕΣ
aN which according to the ancient Syrian lexicographers signifies ‘annon, fortasse.’
3. Ulam, pr.n.m. a) 1 Chr. 7, 16. b) 8, 39. 40. 4 MIN f(r. diy) 1. folly, very often : in Proverbs, as 5,23. 12, 23. 13, 16. 14, | 17. 18. 29. 15, 2. 14. 21. ' 9, Impl. impiety, wickedness, comp. 7d33. Ps. 38, 6. 69, 6. 3. Perh. the first pines, i rank,
~~:
a |
as "Folly, 3 ie. “high honour is to them only - asource of foolish actions. There would seem to be here a paronomasia or play _ upon the twofold signification of m>5x.
ΔῚΣ (perh. eloquent, talkative, Syr. ἤρατο, r. ἌΝ) Omar, pr. ἢ. m. Gen. 86,11.
Ε΄." VAS obsol. root. 1. Pr. to be no- thing, not to be, i. e. having a negative power, like δὲ" and kindred forms, as
Gb, xi.g5, to hinder, 522, j82; the _ same power which in most languages 'is expressed by the letter n; comp.
Pers. x3, (3; Zend. and Copt. an; Gr. yn in νήπιος, νημερτής, and ἄνευ ; Lat. ne, nemo, non, also in priv. prefixed to ad- _jectives; Germ. nie, nein, and vulgar né, also ohne and un prefixed to adjec- tives; Engl. no, nay, not, and un, in _ privative; also Greek ἀναίνομαι. Less frequently the negative power is ex- pressed by the kindred letters m, comp. ' Sanscr. ma, Gr. uy; and J, comp. 8>, RD, ND, 7D, 7b, de, DDN. Hence ἘΝ, 4 7X ποδί; not, Ἰδὲ nothingness. From the idea of nothing come the following tropical senses:
2. to be vain, empty, fruitless ; and hence to be false, worthless, wicked, see U8 no. 1, 2,3. Comp. in Engl. ‘to be nothing worth,’ ‘there is nothing in him; Lat. ‘homo nequam.’
3. to be deficient in strength. debilitat-
Γ ed, exhausted. a οἷ mid. Ye, to be
ἡ weak, exhausted ; Nat: weariness, trou- ble, sorrow. si-Henes: pS no. 4, 5°28"
_ labours. ἡ
4, to be light, easy, facile; since
23
| Sanser. na, no, an and α privative; '
ys
things light and easy are to us 189, Engl. as nothing. Comp. 5% to be light, . easy.—Hence jis I, faculty (facility) of doing any thing, ability, power.
TIS τὰ. (τ. AN πο. 1) c. suff. Fix, Dyin Jer. 4,°14. Ps. 94, 23. Plur. ΘΠ ΝΣ Prov. 11, 7.
1. nothingness, vanity, also a vain and empty thing, Is. 41; 29. Zech. 10, 2. Spec. of the nothingness of idols and of every thing pertaining to idolatry (comp. 5311) 1 Sam. 15, 23; and so put for an idol, idols, Is. 66, 3. Hence in Hosca the city be-nna hone of God, as being | given to idolatry, is scornfully called jig-ma house of idols, Hos. 4, 15. 10, 5. Here too are to be referred: a) ΒΞ 18 plain of Aven (idols), Amos 1,5, i.e. a certain valley in the vicinity of Damas- cus, perh. Heliopolis of Syria. b) "δὲ. Aven for δ i. 6. Heliopolis of Egypt Ez. 30,17; but with the notion of an idolatrous city.—Spec. 3
2. nothingness of words, i. e. false- hood, deceit, Ps. 36, 4. Prov. 17, 4.
3. nothingness as to worth, naughti- ness, wickedness, iniquity, comp. τ. Ἰδὲ no. 2. Num. 23, 21. Job 36, 21. Is. 1, 13, TIS ΔΘ, PIS We, wicked men, Job 22, 15. 34, 36. ἽΝ by workers of iniquity, evil aber 31, 3. 34, 8. 22. Plur. onvix Prov. 11, 7, prob. re VIN WIN, as in Sept. Chald. Syr. Arab.
4, toil, trouble, evil, calamity, i. q. by. Ps. 55, 4 they cast calamity upon me. Prov. 22, 8 he that soweth iniquity shall reap evil, calamity. Ps. 90, 10. Job 15, 35. Hab. 3, TBR. sorrow, pain, Gen. 35, 18 "258"j2 Ben-oni, i.e. son of my sorrow. ὉΠ ὈΠῸ bread of sorrows. i.e. the food of mourners, which was reckoned unclean, Hos. 9, 4: comp. Deut. 26, 14.
Note. As 338 with suffixes coincides as to form with ji, care must be taken not to confound the two words.
I. ΤῊ m. (τ. px no. 4) faculty, ability ; hence
1. strength, power, Job 18,7. 12. 40, 16. Spec. of manly vigour, power of procrea- tion, iN MWR the first-fruits or first- iing of one’s strength, the first-born, Gen. 49, 3. Deut. 21, 17. Ps. 105, 36. Plur nis Is. 40, 26. 29. Ps. 78, 51.
TS
2. wealth, substance, Hos. 12, 9. Job 20, 10. ) 3. On, pr. n. m. Num. 16, 1.
1, 7s Gen. 41, 50 and is 41, 45. 46,
20, On, thie domestic pr. ἢ. of an ancient Egyptian city, in Ez. 30,17 written JI8 q- v. no. 1.b. Called also by the He- brews, prob. as a translation of the Egyptian name, You ΓΞ Beth-shemesh, i. e. house of the sun, Jer. 43, 13; by the Greeks Heliopolis, city of the sun; by the Arabs (poet pre »Ain Shems, j. 6. fountain of the sun. Coptic Was. which signified light, and spec. the sun, as there seems hardly a doubt; comp.
OTE, OEM, OU, light, lumi- nary ; see Peyron Lex. p. 273. The city stood on the eastern side of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis; and was celebrated for the worship and temple
of the sun, and for its obelisks, one of
;
Jer. 10, 9. Dan. 10, 5.
which remains to the present day ; Diod. Sic. I. 85. Hdot. 2. 59. Near the ruins of the ancient city is a fountain still called ’Ain Shems, in the adjacent modern village of Matariyeh. Comp. Deser. de ’Egypte, Antiq. V. Pl. 26, 27. Bibl. Res. in Pal. I. p. 36, 37.
S28 (strong, for 7218) Ono, pr. ἢ. of a city in Benjamin, Ezra 2, 33. Neh. 7, 37. 11, 35. 1 Chr. 8, 12; with a valley or plain of like name, Neh. 6, 2.
‘MAPDIS £. plur. 2 Chr. 8, 18 Cheth. for τον ships, with Vav as mater lectionis redundant.
DIN (strong, stout) Onam, pr. n. m. a) Gen. 36,23. Ὁ) 1 Chr. 2, 26.
4218 (id:) Onan, pr. n. of a son of Judah, Gen. 38, 9. 46, 12. Num. 26, 19.
TDA Uphaz, pr.n. of a gold country, It seems to be corrupted out of "bis ; since the letters “ and 1 are also elsewhere interchanged, comp. Pt2 and p23 lightning, ~ and +? to boast.
spp, TDI, MHS, pr. n. Ophir, a celebrated region, abétinding in, gold, which the seamen of Solomon in com- pany with the Phenicians were accus- tomed to visit, taking their departure from the ports of the Elanitic gulf; and
24,
EN
bringing back every three years gold, precious stones, and sandal-wood, also silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks; 1 K. 9, 98. 10, 11. 2 Chr. 8, 18. 9,10; espec. 1K. 10, 22, where Ophir is to be understood, — although not expressly mentioned. The — gold of Ophir is frequently mentioned — in the O. T. as Job 28, 16. Ps. 45, 10. Is. 13, 12. 1 Chr. 29, 4; once also "518 itself is put for gold of Ophir Job 22, 24. As to the geographical situation of — Ophir, there is the greatest diversity | of opinion among commentators. Yet — among modern interpreters, the best — hesitate only between two regions, viz. — India, and some part of Arabia.—That ; Ophir is to be sought in India, was the — opinion of Josephus (Ant. 8. 6. 4), and | among the moderns, of Vitringa, Reland, — and others; and this view is supported by the following arguments: a) The — countries of India abound in the arti- — cles of traffic above mentioned; and se-— veral of these,as ivory and sandal-wood, are found only in India; also the words — for apes and peacocks correspond en- tirely with the Indian words for the same — on the coast of Malabar, and are doubt- | less derived from these latter; see iP, pan. Ὁ) The LXX have everywhere (except once in Gen. 10, 29) for "BIN put Σουφίρ, Σουφείρ, Σωφίρ, Σωφείρ, Σω- φαρά, Σωφηρά. But coqsp: according — to the ancient Coptic lexicographers, — (whose authority, however, is not very great,) is the name for India.) There | exists in India a district from the name of which both the names Ophir and So- — phir may be readily explained, viz. Σου- πάρα, the Οὔππαρα of Arrian, (Sanscr. Uppara upper,) situated in the hither Chersonesus where is now the celebrated emporium of Goa, and mentioned by Ptolemy, Ammianus, and Abulfeda.— Of not less weight are the arguments brought in favour of Arabia ; which view is supported among the moderns by Michaelis (Spicil. I. p. 184 sq.) Gos-_ selin, Vincent, Bredow (Histor. Unters. | Il. p. 253), T. C. Tychsen, Seetzen in Zach’s Monatl. Corresp. XIX. p. 331 sq. and others. It is said: a) That Ophir, in Gen. 10, 29, is enumerated among other regions inhabited by the descend-
518
ants of Joktan; all of which, so far as known to us, are to be sought in the southern part of Arabia, and especially between Sabea and Havilah, both of which are rich in gold; although it can- not be denied that Ophir, even if more remote and situated in India, might have been referred, in this genealogical list of nations, to the colonies of the Joktanide. b) Of the articles of traffic above men- tioned, only certain ones, indeed, as gems and apes, are now found in Arabia; and in modern times no gold whatever is found there. But that formerly certain districts at least of Arabia abounded in gold, and that too native and ἄπυρος, is testified not only by the writers of the O. T. 6. g. Num. 31, 22. 50. Judg. 8, 24. 26. Ps. 72,15; but also by Diod. Sic. 2. 50. ib. 3. 44,47, (comp. in 1253,) by Agatharchides ap. Phot. Cod. 250, by Artemidorus ap. Strab. 16. 4. 22, and by Pliny H. N. 6. 28,32. The authority of all these witnesses cannot well be im- peached; since the mines may have been exhausted or wholly neglected, as in Spain; or the globules of native gold formerly found in the sand may have failed. 6) Ophir is expressly mentioned as an island of Arabia by Eupolemus ap. Euseb. Prep. Evang. IX. 30; and at the present day there exists a place called el-Ophir in the district of Oman, a few miles from the city Sohar towards the interior.
However it may be as to the respec- tive merits of these two hypotheses, (for we cannot here exhaust the discussion, ) they are both far more probable than that which assigns Ophir to the eastern coast of Africa, making it to comprise Nigritia and the Sofala of Arabian writers, now Zanguebar and Mozam- bique, where there is a gold district call- ed Fura; an opinion held by Grotius, Huet, D’Anville, Bruce, Schulthess, and ouners.
JDIN m. (τ. WN) constr. ix, plur. pix, a wheel, Ex. 14, 25. al. Prov. 20, 26 jain ὈΠῸΣ Ξ 3) and turneth over them the wheel sc. of the threshing- sledge, i. e. he crushes them in pieces ; see in Wis.
‘i yis 1. to press on, to urge, to hasten . ἫΣ
25
ἊΝ
any one, Εἰχ. 5,18. Comp. Chald. ysx Kindr. both in sound and signif. are the roots Y28, 72, 712, comp. πιέζω.
2. Intrans. to urge oneself, to hasten, to make haste, Josh. 10,13. Prov. 19, 2. 28, 20.—With 72, tohasten from, 1.q. to with- draw oneself, Jer. 17, 16 M3572 "AEN Ne FIRS, for ΠΣ nin, Ihave not with- drawn myself from being a pastor (pro- phet) after thee.
3. to press close, i. e. to be strait. narrow, Josh. 17, 15.
Hipu. i.q. Kal no. 1, to press on to urge, to hasten avy one; ὁ. inf. et >, Is. 22,4; with 3 of pers. Gen. 19, 15.
“EIS m. constr. ἜΣ ΤΣ, plur. ὩΣ ΝΣ, R. χὰ.
1. Pr. what is laid up, a store, stock, e. g. of fruits, produce, provision, 2 Chr. 11,11. 1 Chr. 27, 27; espec. of gold, silver, and other precious things, treas- ure, 6. g. of the treasures of the temple 1K. 7,51; of the king 14, 26. 15, 18. “ik ΓΞ treasure-house, treasury, Neh. 10, 39.
2. i. ᾳ. "IN “2 a store-house, garner, Joel 1,17; a treasury 2 Chr. 32, 27.
* "TIN to be or become light, to shine, to be bright, Gen. 44, 3; also of the eyes of a fainting person when he recovers 1 Sam. 14, 27. 29. Pret. impers. “8 it is light 1 Sam. 29,10. Imperat. "is, Is. 60,1 shine, be bright, i. e. be sur- rounded and resplendent with light.
ΝΙΡΗ. “82, fut. 785, i. gq. Kal, 2 Sam. 2,32. Job 33, 30 “ΝΘ for ἜΝΘ to become light, to be made light, to dawn. Part. “ini, bright, splendid, glorious, Ps. 76,5.
ΗΙΡΗ. ΝΠ 1. to lighten, to make light, to illuminate, c. accus. Ps.77, 19. 97,4. 105,39. a) ‘B "35d NH to enlight- en the eyes of any one, which before were dark, dim, i. e. to recall him as it were to life, Ps. 13, 4; hence to refresh, to glad- den, Prov. 29,13. Ps. 19,9. Ezra 9, 8: Comp. Ecclus. 31,17. Ὁ) 25 ὍΝ Zo light up one’s countenance, to cause 1 to shine, i. e. to cheer, to enliven, Ecc. 8, 1. Comp. synon. "33 II. So of one’s own countenance, 1738. ΝΣ to cause his Jace to shine, spoken. espec. of God as regarding men with a serene and propi tious countenance, Ps. 80, 4. 8. 20; c. >& Num. 6, 2; 59 Ps. 31,17; 2 Ps. 119.
ἪΝ
135; > 118,27; τὰς Ps. 67,2. Once omit- ting 598 Ps, 118, 27. ἢ Trop. to en- lighten, i.e. to impart knowledge and wisdom, Ps. 119, 130.
2. to give light, to shine, absol. Gen. 1, 15; c. dat. Ex. 13, 21. Is. 60, 19.
3. to light, i.e. to kindle, to set on fire, Mal. 1,10. Is. 27,11. Comp. "58 fire.
aoe Arab. » to kindle.
Deriv. "i8, AX, TIN, pr. names “8 —ATN, also TiN, TINA, WRX",
“i® m. (once f. Job 36, 32; see Lehre. p. 546) light, Gen. 1, 3. 4. 5. Job 3, 9. 12,25. The diff. between it and “in is apparent from Gen. 1, 3 comp. v. 14. 16, i.e. “8 is light as universally diffused, é.g. the light of day and of the sun, while “ik’2 is pr. a light, luminary, which gives light, and therefore admits the plural, which "48 does not, except in one exam- ple Ps. 136,7, where 2°58 is poetically put for o™k2.—Spec. a) day-light, morning-light, dawn, Neh. 8, 3 ΠΝ ΓΙ τ bint msm 52 from day-light until noon. Job 24, 14 sind with the light, at dawn. b) light of the sun, also the sun itself, Job 3l, 26. 37, 21. Hab. 3,4. Is. 18,4; comp. φάος for the sun dyes. 3. 335. ‘Also light of day, the day, Ecc. 12,2. moss six light of the wicked, 1. 6. their day-time, put for the night, Job 38.15. 6) i. q. lightning, Job 36,32 ik neD opa-dy he epvereth his hande with light, i.e. lightning, q.d. his hands are red with lightning. Job 37, 3.11.15. d) the light of life, life, Job 3, 16.20; more fully “ix pun Ps. 56,14. 6) Metaph. light as the emblem of welfare, prosperity, hap- piness ; either so that the proper sense of light is retained, Job 22, 28. Is. 9, 1; or trop. for prosperity itself, Job 30, 26. Ps. 97,11. InIs. 10, 17 Jehovah is called the light of Israel, as the author and »source of prosperity and happiness to them; comp. 60, 1.3. [Ὁ light for know- ledge, instruction, doctrine, Is. 49, 6 “ix ΠῚ} a light of the Gentiles, i. e. an en- lightener, teacher. 51,4. 2,5 let us walk in the light of Jehovah, see v. 3. Comp. Prov. 6, 23 for the commandment (of God) ts a lamp, and the law is light. g) “ix 525 light of the countenance, i.e. a serene and cheerful countenance, Job 29, 24
26 ἫΝ
(comp. Ps. 104,15). Prov. 16,15 "38 ike 7230 inthe light of the king’s countenance, i.e. when his countenance is cheerful and pleasant. Ps. 4, 7. 44, 4.
“AN m. 1.i.q. 718, light, and hence in Plur.5"748 8) lights, i.e. region of light, the East, Orient, Is. 24,15. Comp. Hom. πρὸς ἠῶ ἡἕλιόν τε, Il. 12. 239. Od. 9. 26. b) lights, metaph. for revelations, revela- tion, spoken of the sacred lot of the He- brews, Urim, Num. 27, 21. 1 Sam. 28, 6; oftener more fully Dam DN Taio and Thummimn, light and truth, i 1.6. reve- lation and truth, Ex. 28, 30. Lev. 8, 8; once Θ᾿ ΠΝ} Oh Deut. 33, 8. Sept. well, δήλωυις καὶ ἀλήϑεια, Luth. Licht und Recht. These sacred lots, which the high-priest alone might consult in mat- ters of great moment, were worn in his breast-plate, as appears from Ex. 28, 30, where 5X 4M) is to put into ; comp. Deut. 23, 25. Num. 4, 10. Ex. 25,21. What they were, was elrenilg matter of dispute in the time of Philo and Josephus. The latter supposed that the augury was taken from the twelve gems which deco- rated the exterior of the breast-plate, and from their degree of splendour; Jos. Ant. 3.8.9. But Philo teaches that the Urim and Thummim were two small images inserted between the double folds of the breast-plate, one of which symbolically represented revelation, and the other truth; Tom. II. p. 152. ed. Mangey. In this case, the Hebrews perhaps imitated a similar custom of the — Egyptians, among whom the supreme judge wore suspended from his neck a small image of sapphire, as the symbol of truth ; see Diod. Sic. 1. 48, 75. ΖΕ] δα. V. H. 14. 34.
2. light of fire, Is. 50, 11 ὧδ ἜΝ, Hence for fire itself, i. e. flame, blaze, Is,
44, 16. 47, 14. Ez. 5, 2. Comp. 8 Hinks no. 3. | 3. Ur,pr.n. a) Of Abraham’s native
city, more fully n"3w> "4% Ur of the Chaldees, Gen. 11, 28. 31. 15,7. Neh. 9, 8. A trace of it seems to have remained in the Persian fortress Ur, situated between Nesibis and the Tigris according to Am- mian. 25.8. But @r as an appellative may perhaps have signified a fortress, castle ; so at least Pers. I! castle
“TN
Zeud and Sanscr. vara, fortification, comp. Sanscr. pura a fortified city, after the analogy of punar, Pracrit. unar, etc. See Εἰ, Benary in the Berliner Jahrbb. 1841. p. 146 sq. 5) m. 1 Chr. 11, 35.
MIN f. 1. light, Ps. 139, 12; metaph. of welfare, happiness, Esth. 8, 16.
2. Plur. minis greens, green herbs, 2 K. 4,39. The idea of brightness, splendour, is often transferred in the Semitic tongues to verdure and flowers ;- comp. yx2, Arab. st lights and flowers.
Comp. also Samarit. "x" Gen. 1, 11. 12, for 883 herb.—So Is. 26, 19 ninix bu 7D 722 for as the dew of herbs is thy dew, i. 6. God’s quickening influence will raise the dead to life, as the dew of heaven refreshes plants. Comp. Ecclus. 46, 12. 49,10. Others render dew of light, i. e. of life, the vivifying dew, comp. "ik ἃ,
MIN by transp. for ΠΛῊΝ q. v. stalls, cribs, 2 Chr. 32, 28.
VIS (fiery, or perh. an abridged form for 2958) Uri, pr.n.m. a) Ex. 31, 2. b) Ezra 10, 24. c)1.K. 4, 19.
DN7IAN (flame of God) Uriel, pr. n. m. a) 1 Chr. 6, 9. 15, 5.21. b) 2Chr. 13,2.
"8 (flame of Jehovah) Uriah, pr. n.m. a) A Hittite, the husband of Bath- sheba, treacherously slain by order of David, 2 Sam. 11,3. b) A priest in the time of Ahaz and Isaiah, Is. 8, 2. 2 K. 16, 10.
AAP IAN (id.) Urijah, pr. n. ofa prophet slain by order of Jehoiakim, Jer. 26. 20 sq.
WAS see WwiINNh under Ox. ,
* DAN or-THN a root not used in Kal.
ΝΊΡΗ. ΤῚΝ, fut. 1 plur. mix32, 3 plur. smn", fo consent, 2 K. 12,9; with dat. of
pers. to consent unto any one, to gratify him, Gen. 34, 15. 22.23. In Arabic this
s sense is found under the form is! ia
mx to come, Conj. ΠῚ sll, Heb. amis, whence seems to have arisen the new root Mik; unless by changing the points, instead of Mix? , MIN", we prefer to read MiX:, IMi8", which forms may then be referred to Poel of r. πῶς.
I. ΓΗ͂Σ, plur. mink, comm. gend. comp. sing. Gen. 9, 12. Ex. 4,8; plur, Ex. 4, 9.
27
IN Josh. 24, Τῆι Contr. for min from ns ΠῚ,
comp. 5 i or Sot sign, for 551 from
ests
1. a sign, Chald. mx, ὅτ: 12}, plur. (252). Ex. 12, 13. Josh. 2, 12. Gen. 1, 14 ἘΛΊΣ 55 ΤΟΝ wT and they shall be for signs and for seasons, i. e. by Hen- diadys, for signs of seasons.—Then
2. an ensign, flag, military standard, espec. of each single tribe, Num. 2, 2 sq. different from 533 the banner of three tribes together.
3. ὦ sign of something past, a token, memorial, Ex. 13, 9. 16. Deut. 6, 8. Hence a memorial, monument, Is. BP, 13. Kz. 14, 8.
4. a sign of something future, ὦ por- tent, omen, τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος Rom. 5, 14, 1. ᾳ. ΒΩ. Is. 8,18 lo! I and the children whom Jehovah hath given me are signs and portents in Israel from the Lord of hosts, i. 6. through the names divinely given us, which are all of good omen, (viz. naa salvation of Jehovah ; >be God with. us, 7, 14. 8, 8; Shear Jashub 7, 3,) God has made us types of future things to prefigure future deliver- ance and prosperity. Comp. 20, 3. Ez. 4, 3.
5. a sign or token of any thing in itself not visible or discernible ; e. g. the token of a covenant, as circumcision, Gen. 17, 11; the sabbath, Ex. 31, 13. Hence a token, argument, proof, Job 21, 29; comp. Lat. signum Cic. de Invent. 1. 34, Gr. τεκμήριον, σημεῖον, Sept. Job 21, 29. So of the prophetic sign or token of the truth of a prophecy, viz. when God or the prophet as his interpreter foretells some minor event, the fulfilment of which serves as a sign or proof of the future fulfilment of the whole prophecy; Ex. 3, 12. Deut. 13, 2.3. 1 Sam. 2, 27-34. 10, 7-9. 2 K. 19, 29. 20, 8. 9. 15. 7, 11-14. 38, 7. 22. Jer. 44, 29. 30; comp. Mark 13, 4. Luke 1, 18.2,12. Comm. onIs. 7, 10. 11. —Finally, a wonder, prodigy, miracle, as a sign of the divine power, i. q. ΓΒ, Deut. 4, 34. 6, 22. 7, 19. 29, 2. 34, 11.
IT. PAR or FS only c. suff. "Vik , AMS, etc. i. q. Τὰς I, pron. demonstr. commonly as sign of the accus.
ΤῊΣ demonstr. part. otigitialty of place
NIN 28
in that place, there, kindred with ΠῚ,
Arab. δι ecce! Then
1. Part. demonstr. of time, at that time, - then, Chald. j"28. Spoken: a) Of time past, Arab. of, Gen. 12, 6. Josh. 10, 12.
14,11. With pret. 1 K. 8, 12. 2 Chr. 6, 1. 8, 12.17; also with fut. in preter sense, Josh. 1. c. Ex. 15, 1. Deut. 4, 41. Comp. Lehrg. p. 773. Ὁ) Of a ‘tare time, then, thereupon, after that ; with fut. tn fut. sense, Ps. 96, 12 43279 1% then shall they rejoice. Sometimes also with pret. in a future sense, where a future precedes, Judg. 5, 11. Ex. 15, 15.
2. Part. illat. then, for thence, there- fore. on that account, Jer. 22, 15. Ps. 40, 8. 69, 5.
3. With pref. τὸ Ὁ and tN", pr. from that time, from then; hence a) Adv. from ancient times, of old, long since, 2 Sam. 15, 34. Is. 16, 13. 44, 8. 45, 21. 48, 3.5.7. Ὁ) Prep. and Cont, ‘from the time, from when, since, Fr. depuis, dés- lors, ὁ. inf. Ex. 4, 10 7723 182 since
| thou hast spoken. Josh. 14, 10. With
subst. Ruth 2,7 “- oan ΤΝ Ὁ Foire the time:
οἵ morning, since morning. Ps. 76, 8 sR ΤΝ 2 from the time of thy anger, Ἶ 6. when once thou art angry. As Conj. with a finite verb, pr. for “HX tka, from the time that, since, Ex. 5, 23 "ANS ΤῸ ΓΙ bx since J came unto Pharaoh. Gen. 39, 5.
Nore. Fuller forms from 18 are "IX 4. v. and Chald. j"1x. The latter seems to have come (by. softening the letters) from j"73, ΠΛ, here, also there ; so that its ending appears to be plural, while in fact it is not so; comp. j"7> for sm7-79. See, for these particles and their etymology, Hupfeld in Zeitschr. ἢ d. Kunde des Morgenl. II. p. 434.
* NTN and TUN Chald. to light, to
ΓΞ kindle ; comp. Arab. οἷ to be hot, to light a fire. Part. pass.°51% by Syriasm for mix Dan. 3, 22; inf. 812 for NIN2, c. suff. 7772 3,19. E “Ἰὰς obsol. root, whence. 3578 q. v. "27S pr. n. τὰ. Ezbai, 1 Chr. 11, 37.
“TER Chald. i. q. bt8 to go away, to depart. For the interchange of d and
DTN
I, comp. δάκρυον, lacryma, and see under lett. >no.2. Hence Dan. 2,5. 8 xmba NTIN "20 the word has gone out from me, i. e. what I have said is ratified and can- not be recalled ; comp. 9, 23. Is. 45, 23. The Heb. intpp. as Saadias and Tanchum of Jerus. have long ago well compared the Talmudic phrase M7205 NN abiit in sententiam suam, i. e. to follow one’s opinion. As to the grammatical form, N7IN is part. fem. from mase. TS, after the form DIN, DUP.
278 m. (by Syriasm for 2ing,) ὕσσω- πος, hyssop, much used by the Hebrews in their sacred purifications and sprink- lings, Ex. 12, 22. Lev. 14, 4. 6. 21. 49. Ps. 51, 9. 1 K. 5, 13.—Like the names of many other oriental plants, that of hyssop also seems to have come to the Greeks from the oriental languages. Under this name the Hebrews appear to have comprised not only the common hyssop of the shops, but also other aro- matic plants, espec. mint, wild marjoram, etc.—Some derive it from 318, which
they regard as i. q. SS to be hairy, shaggy; but the planté above named hardly admit this epithet.
ΤΟΣ m. by Syriasm for Wie. R. “In.
1. a girdle, belt, Is. 5,27. Jer. 13, 1 sq.
2. a band, bond, chain, Job 12, 18. Vulg. funis.
“TS i. g.0%, adv. at that time, then, thereupon. Ps. 124, 3..4. 5. Similar is Chald. πὰ. See in 38, note.
MIDTN f. (verbal of Hiph. from r. "33 in the sénse of sacrificing Is. 66, 3; comp. Hiph. no. 1.-b,) ἃ memorval, a remem- brance-offering, Sept. μνημόσυνον, Vulg. memoriale. This\name was given to that portion of the, vegetable oblation (422) which was! burnt with frankin- cense upon the altar 5 the sweet odour of which ascending fo heaven, was sup- posed to commend tfie person sacrificing to the remembrance and favour of Goi. Lev. 2, 2. 9. 16. 5/12. Num. 5, 26.—In Lev. 24, 7 the frankincense sprinkled upon the shew-bread, is also called NIE.
” DIN fut. dix", whence sbim for
ἘΝ. 29
sbixm Jer. 2, 36; prob. to roll, to roll together ; Beas
1. to spin, from the rolling or twist- ing of the thread! So Talmud. ὅτ, whence Mx>t& weaver, Arab. Joe Conj.
δ, ς SE TV, Joe something spun, Syr. and _ Chald. XB, >13, id. comp. kindr. 512 to
_ spin, to flow, both from the idea ofrolling. ἢ
See Pual.
2. Intrans. to roll off, i. 6. to go away, to depart, espec. quickly, suddenly ; - comp. Germ. sich trollen, Engl. to troll, Gr. νέω to spin, and Mid. vgoueu to go _ away, to flee. So in Chald. and Syr. Comp. Arab. Jc to put away, to re-
- move.—Prov. 20, 14 where c. dat. pleon. 4, like i> 73m. Jer. 2, 36. Metaph. _ to be gone, to fail, as water Job 14, 11; food 1 Sam. 9, 7; power Deut. 32, 36.
_ Poat Part. ΤΗΝ something spun, _ thread, yarn, Ez. 27, 19,
Deriv. "τε.
: 238 Chald. i.g. Heb. no. 2. 1. to go away, to depart, Dan. 6,19. So also in _ Syr. and Samar.
2. to go any where, to take a journey, | Bzra 4, 23. 5, 8. 15.
TN departure, see in ἸΞλὲ no. 6. Ὁ.
ae TS in Kal not used, pr. accord- _ ing to the probable conjecture of Simo- nis, to be sharp, acute, pointed ; whence ἘΝ the ear, (which espec. in animals might be so called from its pointed shape,) and τ, Dy2IN arms, pointed _ weapons. Comp. ἀκοή, ἀκούω, and ἀκή, acies, acuo. Kindr. is perh. ΖΦ q. v. Hipu. }"t83 denom. from jt&, q. ἃ. to make ears, i. 6. to point or prick up the ears, ἐνωτίζεσϑαι, a Greek word peculiar
25 to the Sept. version, Arab. <,d{ id. Hence, to give ear, to hear, to listen, ab- sol. Is. 1, 2; 6. accus. Gen. 4, 23. Job 33, ‘> Job 34, 2;.>x Ps. 77, 2; 58 Prov. 17, 4; 49 Numa. 23, 18, both of person and πος. Spec. of God, to hear and answer, Ps. 5, 2. 17,1. 39,13. 54, 4. Job 9,16; of men, to hear and obey, c. dat. Neh. 9, 30. Ex. 15, 26.—Fut. 1 pers. {718 _ for (788 Job 32, 11; Part. 1.12 for 7482 Prov. 17, 4.
Deriv.see in Kal, and the four after 1X. : 3*
pis
tT: TIN, i. q. Arab. Οὗ» to weigh, to poise; whence 573182 balances.— Found only in
PIEL. ΤΝ to weigh, trop. to ponder, to consider, Ecc. 12, 9, where it is fol- lowed by synon. "pm. Rabbin. ji& to be weighed, proved.
JIN m. (Ὁ. ἘΝ 1) furniture, implement, pr. weapon, arms, comp. Chald. 77218 arms, and see r. ἼΝΣ I. Deut. 23, 14 and thou shalt have a little spade 4218 >> among thy furniture ; where many Mss.” read 472% > among thy implements, which is preferable-—The same sense of both utensil and weapon exists in the word ">2.
WTS Γ᾽ dual ΘΠ Τὰ (used also for plur.) constr. "31N, the ear, from r. wm 1.
8 ᾿Ξ 5 22 Arab. (οἱ, wy; Ethiop. 4 H3, Chald. 7758, 82758, wee NON; Syr. Lis], Lf. Camp: Gr. οὖς, Lat. abies Ex. 29, 20. Lev. 8, 23. al. Phrases of which this word makes part, see under the verbs 23, 402 Hiph. Mnp, 45>. So “xp "IND a3 to speak in the eare of any one, i. e. before any one, in his presence and hearing, Gen. 20, 8. 23, 16. 44, 18. Ex. 10,2. So Is. 5,9 "3182 mins in mine ears ‘(eaids Jehovah, comp. 22, 14. Ἕ "2INS DAW to put or lay up in the ears of any one, i. e. to rehearse so that-one may hear with the ear and lay up in his mind, Ex. 17, 14. Σ᾿ 2783 to hear with one’s ears, s, emphat. Ps. 44, 2. Job 28, 22.
MND JIS (ear of Sherah, or She- rah’s corner) Uzzen-Sherah, pr. n. of a small city founded by Sherah the daughter of Ephraim, 1 Chr. 7, 24.
“NARTMIN (pr. ears i. 6. summits of Tabor) Aznoth- Tabor, pr. n. of a city in Naphtali, Josh. 19, 34.
"278 (auritus) Ozni, pr. n. m. of a son of the patriarch Gad, Num. 26, 16.
ΓΛ Τὰς (whom Jehovah hears) pr. n. τη. Azaniah, Neh. 10, 10.
D°PTS m. plur. (τ. p2t) manacles, chains for the hands, Jer. 40, 1. 4; 1. q. p"pt with Aleph prosthetic, which some Mss. omit in v. 1.
“IN
: “TN fat. “ταν Jer. 1,17, c. suff. "27782 Job 30, 18, to ‘gird, to hind around ; also to gird oneself, to be girded. Arab.
ee: αἰ to be strong, robust, but doubtful
whether also pr. to be girded; Conj. II to gird, Conj. III to strengthen, to aid. Kindred roots, which all have the force of binding around or together, girding, surrounding, are OX, "EX [>EN], ὍΣΣ, "D9, ΠΣ; "2M, “IN, "ta.— Spoken: a) Of a garment with which one is girded, ὁ. acc. of pers. Job 30, 18. Ὁ) ‘ies acc. of the member girded, Job 38, WLI NI UIN gird up now thy loins. a ‘a. ‘Jer. ἢ 17. c) With acc. of the Rirdle or garment with which one is girded, only trop. 1 Sam. 2,4 53m 5718 they gird on strength.
Nipu. part. “ΤᾺ girded Ps. 65, 7.
Pre. to gird, with acc. of pers. and also of the girdle, Ps. 18, 33. 40 "273Nm\ mamba> d4m thou hast girded me with strength for the battle. 30, 12 ἌΝ ΤΣ ΓΤ Ὁ thou hast girded [or ‘Goeréandad me with gladness. Is. 50,11 mip t "IN girded i. e. armed arith eas wea- pons.—For the construction of such verbs with two accusatives, see Lehrg. § 219.1. Heb. Gr. ὁ 136. 1.
Hirupa. to gird oneself, e. g. for bat- tle, to arm oneself, Is. 8, 9; ὁ. ace. trop. £a..93, 1.
Deriv. "τος, °
JINN i. g. vit, the arm, (Aleph prosthet. see p. 1,) Jer. 32, 21. Job 31, 22.
MATS m. for πρὶ with Aleph pros- thetic. R. M31 no. 2. 6.
1. a native tree, growing in its own soil, not transplanted, Ps. 37, 35.— Hence :
2. Of persons, a native, one born in the country, not a foreigner, Lev. 16, 29. 18, 26. al.
ὝΕΣ patronym. an Ezrahile, one of the descendants of Ezrah, FTN ; spoken of Ethan, 1K. 5, 11 [4, 31]. Ps, 89, 1; also of Heman Ps, S822 In 1 Chr. 2, 6 both these are aid to be descendants of Zerah, M71, the son of Judah ; so that we may regard ΓΙ Τὸ as another form of the same name, found only in the patronymic
30
mS
*T. TN constr. "ny, c. suff. ΠΝ (my — brother), Ὁ Fn, ἘΞ ΠΝ ; Plur. Dans (Dag. impl:) constr. “HIN, a “suff. FT, ὈΞ ΤΙΝ, c. suff. 3 pers. “amy for 17718, comp. éhire. p- 602.
1. a brother, undone a ay bi |
word, Arab. εἶ st. constr. δ ure
τ. L&I; Syr. Lal , Chald. mx. It follows partly the analogy of verbs md, and partly that of verbs 3; comp. Lehri:
§ 118.—Spoken in a less ‘exack sense of
half-brothers, e. g. those born to the same, father, but of different mothers, Gen. 42, 15. 43, 3. Judg. 9, 21; or vice versa those born of the same mother, but by different fathers, Judg. 8,19. These, where there is need of greater definite- ness, are called 387ja, OX"ja, Gen. 49, 8. 43, 29.—Sometimes emphat. of full brethren, by both the father’s and mother’s side, Gen. 42, 4.44, 20. Comp. Gen. 49, 5 ΘΠ ">? 719728 Simeon and Levi are true brethren, i. e. not only by birth but also in disposition.—The word brother is employed by the He- brews in other and wider senses, 6. g. 2. a relative, kinsman, in any degree of blood. Gen. 14, 16 Lot his brother, pr. his brother’s son. 13, 8. 29, 12. 15.
3. one of the same tribe, contribulis, 2 Sam. 19, 13; 6. g. of the Levites, Num. 8, 26. 16, 10. Neh. 3, 1.
4. a fellow-countryman, popularis, Judg. 14,3. Ex. 2,11. 4,18. Spoken also
even of kindred nations, e. g. of the
Edomites and Hebrews, Gen. 9, 25. 16, 12. 25,18. Num. 20, 14.
5. an ally, confederate, spoken of allied nations, as-the Tyrians and Hebrews
Am. 1,9; or those of the same religion
Is. 66, 20,
6. a friend, associate ; so of the friends of Job 6,15, and perh. also 19, 13; of Scluiion: whor Hiram calls his brother 1 K. 19, 13. Comp. Neh. 5, 10. 14.
7. any one of the same nature, a fel- low-man, i.q. 39, Lev. 19, 17.—Hence preceded by "8, one—the other; Gen. 13,11 "My S32 Wx IBN and they separated themselves one from the other. 26, 31. This formula is applied also to inanimate things of the same kind in the masculine gender, just as MINN—TWS
τὶ
are used in the 5816. 56η586 for things feminine, δ: g. Ex. 25, 20 U°N ὈΠ2Ξἢ ma by and their faces (i. e. of the -Cherubim, shall look) one ὐναταν an-
other. 37, 9.
ο΄ 8, Trop. as expressing likeness of dis- position, habits, etc. Job 30,29 Tam a
like them. Prov. 18, 9. Deriv. MINN, TIN, and pr. ἢ, SNA, ΠΝ, TON, “ang —bEhony.
ee mS interj. expressing grief, com- plaint, onomatopoetic, ah! alas! c. dat. Ez. 6, 11. 21, 20.—Hence the Arabic verb
of
“Lei to cry ah, ah, ah! repeatedly ; _ see below in ΤΙΝ. TI. πὸ ft Arab.
portable furnace or stove, in which fire _ was kept in the king’s winter-apartment, Jer. 36, 22.23. At the present day the Orientals sometimes make use of such pots or furnaces instead of fireplaces, for warming rooms; they are called in Per-
8 : I, a large pot,a
sian and Turkish, ys tanntr. They
have the form of a large pitcher; and are placed in a cavity sunk in the middle of the apartment. When the fire has burnt down, a frame like a table is placed over the pot, and the whole is then covered with a carpet; and those who wish to warm themselves sit upon the floor and thrust their feet and legs and even the lower part of their bodies under the carpet. R. nny IL.
MS Chald. a brother ; plur. c. suff. W's Ezra 7, 18.
MS only in plur. o*4&, pr. howlings, shrieks; hence howling animals, doleful
creatures, (comp. "& II) prob. hovwlets,
owls, Is. 13, 21. The word is onomato- poetic, like Lat. ulula, Germ. Uhu, Schubut, Fr. hibou. See mx II, and τ. HAN. .
ANTIN (father’s brother) Ahab, pr.n.m.
_. a) A king of Israel r. 918—897 B. C.
noted for his uxoriousness and idolatry, 1 K. 16, 28.—22, 40. b) Jer. 29, 21.
brotherly) Ahban, pr. n. of a man of the
_. wibe of Judah, 1 Chr. 2, 29.
brother to jackals, i. 6. I ery and ΠΟΥ].
JAAS (brother of the wise, or for 8
91
“τὰ
“ΤΙΣ a verb derived from the numeral shy, not used in Kal, its place being there supplied by 71" to make one, to unite.
Hirupa. to unite oneself, to collect one- self. Ez. 21,21 “INNNH pr. unite thyself, [three-edged sword,] i. 6. ravage with all thy force united; or, as the parallel- ism permits, collect thyself, i. 6. attend !— The suggestion of C. B. Michaelis is not to be contemned, who regards the four first words of the verse as spoken in the character ofa military chief: “ Conjunge te, dextrorsum! f[aciem] strue, sinis- trorsum!” i.e. Fall together, right! to your post, left !
᾿ TIN constr. SM& (and so before 12 Lev. 13, 2; before "w> Gen. 32, 23; also Gen. 48, 22. 2 Sam. 17, 22. Zech. 11, 7,) fem. MAN for MINX, in pause rmx ; acardinal numeral having the force . an oye she one; unus,a,wm. Arab.
Os, £ sdSl, Eth. ἀνα. ahadu, Chald. and Syr. 5h, . The same
radical letters are found in the Pehlvi advek one; and except the third rad. Daleth, in Sanser. eka, and Pehlvi jek.— Gen. 42,13 fin. Ex. 11, 1. Deut. 1, 23. 32, 30. Josh. 12,9 sq.—Spec. also
1. one, i. q. the same, Gen. 40, 5. Job 31, 15.
2. As ordinal, the first, primus, a, um, but only in enumerating the days of the month. Ezra 10, 16.17 τῷ shy Dia on the first day of the month. wih Sma on the νοὶ of the month Gen. 8, 5. 13; comp. μέα τῶν σαββάτων Acts 20, 7. In enumerating years the construction is MON mv, as sometimes in Engl. the year one, ‘tbo, etc. for the first year, Dan. 9,1.2. Ezra 1, 1.—In other passages, ἃ Gen. 1, 5. 2, ΤΊ, πὶ retains its common signif. as a cardieal and the numbers follow each other asin Engl. one, second, third ; Lat. unus, alter, tertius, Sucton, Octav. 101.
3. some one, any one, Lev. 13,2. Deut. 12,14. 2Sam. 7,7. 03m 71K one of the people, Gen. 26, 10. 1 Sam. 26, 15. SMX JR, R2, no one, Num. 16, 15. 1K. 8, ‘56. Ps. 14, ‘@+Hence often
4, i. q. the indef. art. a, an, one, espec. in the later Hebrew. 1 K. 20, 13 ®"23
ΤΙΝ 32
“mi a prophet, a certain prophet, προφή- τῆς τις. Dan. 8,3 58 ΘῈ a ram. 1K. 19,4. Also where aa precedes ; 6. g. Bitp thx aholy one, acertain angel, τὸς ἄγγελος, Dan. 8,13. Sometimes also in the earlier books, as Ex. 29, 3. 1 Sam. 1,1; seq. gen. as MINDS IN one of the cisteris, i.e. a cistern, Gen. 37,20; comp. Job 2, 10.
5. one only of its kind, i. q. only, alone, 8076, Job 23,13. Ez. 7,5. Cant. 6, 9. Arab.
dls unique, incomparable, Ass id.
A. Schultens ad Job 1. c. et 9, 5.
6. Repeated, INN—"7hN, one—ano- ther, unus—alter, Ex. 17, 12. 18, 3. Also thrice, 1 Sam. 10, 3. 13, 17. 18. In like manner distribu vel Num. 13, 2 ὥπὰ TIN Bs IM one man to a tribe shall ye send, i.e. a man for every tribe. 34, 18.
7. IND as one, i. e. together, at once, Ezra 2, 64 Sma S4pn->2 the whole con- gregation together. 3, 9. 6, 20. Eccl. 11,6 SIND Dw both tagetivers both ὅπ Also together, in company, Is. 65, 25.— In the same sense is used AX OND Judg. 20,8. 1 Sam. 11, 7. Chald. ND.
8. Fem. mas ellipt. for mmx Dp one time, once, 2 K.\6,10. Ps. 62, 12.
9. MMN2 a) i. 4. MAIN no. 8, Num. 10, 4. Ὁ) at once, i.e. suddenly, Prov. 28, 18. C) i.g. INND together, altogether, Jer. 10, 8.
10. "ΠΝ πινῦ one after another, one δὴ one, Is. 27, 12; and so Ecc. 7,27 MN nm.
Nore. In the difficult and vexed pas- sage Is. 66, 17, the common signification is to be retained: those who sanctify and purify themselves in or for the [idol-] groves IX “M8 after one, i.e. following and imitating the one priest who directed the sacred ceremonies. Comp. Com- ment. on Is. I. ὁ.
Piur. S758 1. the same, Gen. 11, 1. _ Comp. Lat. uni, e.g. ‘unis inoribiis vivere? Cic. pro Flacco 26. Terent. Eun. 2.3.75.
2. joined in one, united, Ez. 37, 17 pwsnx> ἘΠῚ and they (the two sticks) shall become one.
8. some, a few, Gen. 27, 44. 29, 20.
Deriv. the verb 48, also pr. n. TAM.
“TS (Milél) an Egyptian word signify- ing marsh-grass, reeds, bulrushes, sedge, every thing green which grows in wet
TAS |
grounds, Gen. 41, 2. 18. Job 8,11. The
word was adopted not only into the He- — brew, but also into the Greek i iom of Alexandria, where it is written os, ἄχει, see Sept. Gen. 41, 2. 18. Is. 19, 7; like- wise in Ecclus. 40, 16, the author of which livedin Egypt. Jerome in his Comment. on Is. 1. c. says: “quum ab eruditis quererem, quid hic sermo significaret, audivi ab Aigyptiis hoc nomine lingua eorum omne quod in palude virens nasci- tur appellari.” The Coptic translator has retained the same word, writing for the
Gr. ἄχει of the Sept. πιά ει. Comp. the same in Num. 11,5. Kindred are Δ ΚΘ, OKE, bulrush, reed.. See De Rossii Etymol. Aigypt. p.24. Jablonski
Opuse. ed. te Water T. I. p. 45. T. IL. p. 160. Peyron Lex. p. 16.
“TES (for 38M union, from tnx) Ehud, pr. n. of a son of Benjamin, 1 Chr. 8, 6; called in the parallel passage Gen. 46, 21 "πὶ.
MTN f. declaration of one’s mind, Job 13,17. It is a verbal of Hiph. from r.
mir, used in Hebrew only in Piel, but in Chaldee also in Hiph.
MIN f. brotherhood, Zech. 11, 14. Denom. from MN q. v.
MIMS Ahoah pr.n.1Chr.8,4, for which v.7 aS .—Patronymic “AAR Ahohite, 2 Sam. 23, 9. 28.
ΓΤ Chald. a declaration, showing, explanation, Dan. 5, 12. Strictly inf. Aph. from mn.
“AN (brother of water, i.e. dwelling near it) Ahumai, pr. n. m. 1 Chr. 4, 2.
HTS m. (Ὁ. πὸ} 1. thehinder part,
gre back-side, rear. Arab. z fid: Hence a) Vinx» from behind, i. 6. behind, in the rear, ries pip, 2 Sam. 19,9. Arab.
alos b) ving backward, back,
Ps. 114, 3.5; with pee face, Jer. 7. 24. c) "inxs backward, back. Prov. 29, 11 a fool ‘uttereth all his anger, D2" Mimaw ings but a wise man keepeth it back, q. ἃ. ‘drives it backward, so that it comes back to isan d) “IMs in ace.
as Adverb, Arab. 41} behind, on the
Πὲς
ack-side, opp. to 0°28 and ΠΡ. Ez. 10 and it (the roll) was written D722 ims in front and on the back, i. 6. with- and without. 1 Chr. 19, 10. Ps. 139, 5. —Also backward, Gen. 49, 17 i235 5B™ “ins and his rider falleth backward. er. 15,6. Often pleonast. after verbs of turning or going away, i. e. of turning back, Ps. 9, 4. 56, 10. 2 Sam. 1, 22. Ps. 35, 4. 40,15; and so others. e) Plur. Dh the hinder parts, the back sides, Ex. 33, 23. 26, 12. 1 K. 7, 25. Ez. 8, 16. 2. the west, the western quarter ; since the Hebrew, in speaking of the points of _ the compass, always regarded himself as looking towards the east. Job 23, 7. 8. Is. 9, 11 τς Ὁ HMDA and the Philis- tines behind, i. 6. in the west. Comp. DIP, 1.25, yam, baw; also C. B. Mi- chelis Diss. de locorum differentia rati- one antice, postice, dextre, sinistre, Hale 1735; reprinted in Pott’s Sylloge Commentt. V. p. 80 sq. §8.—The Hin- dus, Mogols, and Irish, follow the same method. 3. afler-time, the future, \iM%> here- after, Is. 41, 23. 42, 23.
Pins £ (for ryins, from masc. Sms, which in Arab. and Chald. is i. q. “ny) plur. ὁ. suff. τς Ez. 16, 55 from a sing. ἢ Ans, also WON Ez. 16, 52 from _ asing. M79, which comes from masc. “FIN 5 ; comp. Lehre. p: 602.
1. a sister, Arab. et, ἢ Syr. ἫΝ for ἴδω), Chald. mmx, 4. ΡΥ, “ἃ sister of
full blood, i. e. of both the same father and mother ; but spoken also less accu- _ rately of a half-sister, 6. g. one born to _ the same father but of a different mother, : ὁμοπατρία, Gen. 20, 12. 2 Sam. 13, 2. 5; _ or one born of the same mother by a different father, ὁμομητρία, Lev. 18. 9. _ 11. 20, 17.—The word sister is also em- _ ployed by the Hebrews in other and
wider senses ; 6. g.
2. a relative, kinswoman, Job 42, 11.
So Gen. 24, 60, where the mother and _ brother say to Rebecca, M& 320hN thou _ art our sister. δὲ '
3. ὦ countrywoman, one of the same tribe or country, popuiaris, Num. 25, 18.
4. an ally, a confederate city or state, Hz. 16, 46. 23, 31.
33
TAN
5. After MUN, one—the other, spoken also of inanimate things of the fem. gen- der. Ex. 26,3 five curtains were coupled AMAR MeN one to another. v. 5. 6. 17. Ez. 1, 9. 3, 13.
6. Metaph. sister is said of any thing with which we are intimately connect- ed; Prov. 7,4 say unto wisdom, Thou art my sister. Job 17,14. Comp. other words expressing relationship, espec. 38 no. 8. MN no. 8.
7. Asa term of endearment addressed to a spouse, Cant. 4, 9 sq. Comp. Tibull. 3. 1. 26.
* TON fat. tm, rarely thx" 1 K. 6, 10. Ecce. 7, 18. 1. to lay hold of, to take, to seize, espec.
s with the hand. Arab. 6}: Chald. and Syr. 36x, Ἔν τὶ Constr. with acc. of pers. or thing, Ps. 56, 1. Judg. 12, 6; often also c. 3, Ex. 4, 4. Job 23, 11.2 Sam. 20,9 and the right hand of Joab took hold of Amasa’s beard.—Metaph. ascrib- ed also to terror, fear, (like λαμβάνειν,) Ex. 15, 14 rijbp "au° thy ΘΠ terror hath taken hold on the inhabitants of Philistia. v. 15. Ps. 48,7. But also vice versa one is said as in Engl. to take Sright, i. q. to be affrighted ; Job 18, 20 “> ὌΠΙΝ ON225p the ancient ones took fright, were affrighted, for: ‘ terror seiz- ed upon them.’ 21, 6. Is. 13,8 ΒΛ Σ yAMR Obam) they (the Babylonians) take hold of pangs and sorrows, for: ‘pangs and sorrows seize upon them.’
2. to take, to catch, e. g. in hunting, fishing, Cant. 2, 15.
3. to hold, to hold fast that which one has taken hold of, c. acc. 1 Chr. 13, 9. 2 Chr. 25,5; 3 Gen. 25, 26. Metaph. ὃ; acc. Job 17, 9, comp. ‘xoutéw Rev. 2, 25; 6. 3 Job 23, 11. Part. pass. with active signif. Cant. 3,8 aon hold- ing the sword. Comp. on this deponent use of passive participles, Lehrg. p. 309, 310. Heb. Gram. § 49. n. 2; also comp. for this same verb Syr. paul holding Ethiop. A%H ehiz, taken, held, also holding.
4. to hold or fasten together, to join, and in Pass. to be joined, to adhere. Many verbs of taking and holding thus pass over to the notion of joining and
TTS
adhering, these ideas being closely al- lied ; comp. 12> and MP? in Hithpa. and ἔχομαι τινός to hold or depend from any thing, ἐχόμενος joined with any thing ; also αἵρέω, whence Lat. hereo.—Ez. 41, 6 MIS MPA OAM WT ND) chat they might not be joined to the wall of the temple, i. e. inserted in it. 1K. 6,6.— Hence
5. to make fast, to ΝΗ 6. g. to bar,
Neh. 7,3. So Syr. rel.
6. to join together timber, to cover
with timber, beams, boards, ete. conta- bulare. 1 K. 6,10 and he covered the house with cedar-wood. Comp. Dn Hab. 2, 19. _ 7. to take out or away,sc. from a larger number ; whence Part. pass. taken out, taken, sc. from a lot or portion, (like sy- non. a5) ,) Num. 31, 30 and from the half which belongs to the children of Is- rael, shalt thou take one [part] 12 ΤῊΣ bwann taken from fifty. v.47. 1 Chr. 24,6 oN THN rs>ed TAN IM SRT ποτοῦ ‘(where it should twice read with many Mss. ti IM) one family being taken for Eleazar, and one being taken for Ithamar, i. e. in drawing lots they drew first a lot for a family of Elea- zar, and then one for a family of Itha- mar.
Nipu. 1. Pass. of Kal no. 2, Ecc. 9, 12.
2. Pass. of Kal no. 3, Gen. 22, 13. Ecc. 9, 12.
3. to make oneself possessor of any thing, to take or have possession, Gen. 34,10. 47, 27. Josh. 22, 9. 19. Comp.
Syr. raf to possess, and deriv. ΓΤ,
ῬΙΕΙ, to shut wp,as Kal no. 5. Seb
26,9 shutting up the face of his throne,
i. 6. veiling his throne with clouds. Hopu. to be joined, fastened, to any
thing, pass. of Kal no. 4, 2 Chr. 9, 18. Deriv. the six following.
TIS (possessing, possessor) Ahaz, pr. nm. a)Akingof Judah, contemporary with Isaiah, Hosea, and Micah, r. 744 —728 B.C. noted for his weakness of character and idolatry, 2 K.16,1 sq. 2 Chr. 28, 16 sq. Is. 7, 1.sq. 38, 8. Sept. “Ayot. b)1 Chr. 8, 35. 9, 42.
ΓΤ f. (r. 1% Niph. no. 3) posses- sion, espec. the possession of land, fields, etc. Lev. 27,24 minx 4> “wind
34,
ΥῊΝΠ to whom possession of the land be- © longed, i.e. who had been its owner. -
"ΠΝ
v. 16. 21.22. "2p ΓΥΠΝ, possession of a sepulchre, i.e. a sepulchre belonging to a family, their own, Gen. 23, 4. 9, 20. 49, 30. Num. 27, 7, and Amy N2M2 35, 2, Spo- ken of slaves Lev. 25, 45. 46.
TS Ahzai, pr. n. m. Neh. 11, 13; for which 1, Chr. 9,12 mam. Prob. it should read in both passages TMs, which see.
TIN and WIR (whom Jehovah holds) pr. ἢ. Ahaziah. a) A king of Is- rael, the son of Ahab and Jezebel, 897— 895 B. C. 1K. 22, 40. 2K.1, 2. Sept. ᾿Οχοζίας. b) A king of Judah, the son and successor of Joram, 884 B. C. 2K. 8, 24. 9,16.
DIN (their possession) Ahuzzam,
pr. n. of one of the descendants of Ju-
dah, 1 Chr. 4, 6.
FTN (possession) Ahuzzath, pr. n. of a Philistine, the friend of king Abime- lech, Gen. 26, 26.
“TION a root not in use. I. Arab.
ELE Lsf onomatop. from the sound Mx
inter}. to cry ah, ah, ah! repeatedly ;
in Heb. perh. to sigh, to groan, to howl,
whence D°MR. II. In Arabic also to be warm, hot, to glow, bs wie anger, as in the words
cls, we Be wee perhaps may
be derived Heb. ny, el a pot, furnace. Better sai” to derive the signif. fur-
nace from r. st to << to burn, as fire,
Conj. II to kindle, Pat heat, ete. lett. ἃ.
“TITS see min.
"TIN (perh. apoc. from mer) ir pr. n.m. a) 1 Chr. 5,15. Ὁ) 7, 34
TIS see TN.
BS" (for a8 father’s brother, uncle) Ahiam, pr. n. m, 2 Sam. 23, 33, 1 Chr. 11, 35.
OPN Chald. 1. q. Heb. mn with
Aleph. prosthet. a riddle, enigma, Dan 5,12. R. an,
See.
ee pe oe le
In the connection mbna my
"TIN
_ #PFRS (brother i.e. friend of Jehovah) Ahiah, pr.n.m. a) A priest in the time οἱ “ita 1 Sam. 14, 3.18. b) 1 Chr. 8,7. 0) 11,36. d)1K.4,2. e)1Chr. 26, 20. f)2,25. g)1K. 15, 27. 33. th) Neh. 10, 97. i) A prophet dwelling at Shiloh in the time of Jeroboam, 1 K. 11,29. 12,15; for which sn3ny 14, 6.18. 2 Chr. 10, 15.
TWIN (brother i.e. friend of the Jews, for 7577 ἀπ) Ahihud, pr. n. m. Num. 34, 27.
THN (brotherly) Ahio, pr. n. m. 2 Sam. 6, 3. 4. b)1 Chr. 8, 14. 1 Chr. 8, 31. 9, 37.
“WII (brother i. 6. friend of union) Ahihud, pr. n. τὰ. 1 Chr. 8, 7.
AAD" (brother i. 6. friend of good- ness) Ahitub, pr.n.m. a) 1 Sam. 14,3. 22, 9. b) 2 Sam.8, 17. c) 1 Chr. 5, 37. Neh. 13,41:
ΕΝ (brother of one born, for "M8 533%) Ahilud, pr.n. of the father of Je- hoshaphat, 2 Sam. 8, 16. 20,24. 1 K.4,2.
DMS see nk.
MATIN (brother of death) Ahimoth, pr. ἢ. m. 1 Chr. 6, 10 [25]; for which in ‘the parallel passages stands MM.
J2QN (brother of the king) Ahi- melec.., pr.n.m. a) A priest dwelling at Nob, father of Abiathar, and the inti- mate friend of David, 1 Sam. 21, 2. 22, 9. Ps. 52, 2; and on this account put to death by Saul. Different from him ap- parently is Ὁ) Ahimelech the son of _ Abiathar, one of the two high priests in the time of David, 2 Sam. 8, 17. 1 Chr.
8) 6)
Theol. Journal IV. p. 295, very plausi- bly conjectures that in 2 Sam. 8, 17 in- stead of ‘ Ahimelech the son of Abia- thar,’ it ought to read Abiathar the son of Ahimelech ; from which error he supposes the reading in 1 Chron. l. c. to have flowed.
_ paris (brother of a gift) Ahiman, pr.n.m. a) One of the Anakim Num. 13, 22. Jovh. 15, 14..Sudg. 1,10. Ὁ) ἡ 1 Chr. 9, 17.
_—- FIT (b-other of anger) Ahimaaz, pr.n.m. 8). Sam.14,50. Ὁ) Ason
94, 3. 6. 31. But Korb, in Winer’s ἢ
35
my
SmN
of Zadok the high-priest in the time of David, 2 Sar. 15,27. 36,17. 17, 20. 18, 19 sq. The same person seems intended in 1 K. 4, 15.
7,58 (brotherly) Ahian, pr. n. τι. 1 Chr. 7, 19.
2728 (liberal or noble brother) Ahinadab, pr. τι. τὰ. 1 K. 4, 14.
DYN (brother of pleasantness) Ahinoam, pr.n.fem. a) 1 Sam. 14, 50. b) 1 Sam. 25, 43. 27,3. 30,5. 2 Sam. 2,2. 8, 2. Σ
FOO (brother of support or help) Ahisamak, pr. τι. τὰ. Ex. 31, 6. 35, 34.
WIS (brother of help) Ahiezer, pr.n.m. a)A phylarch or head of the tribe of Dan, Num. 1, 12. 2, 25. 7, 66. b) 1 Chr. 12, 3.
DPS (brother of the enemy) Ahi- kam, pr. n. of the father of Gedaliah, whom the Chaldeans made governor in Judea, 2 K. 25, 22. Jer. 39, 14. 40, 5 sq.
DFS (brother of the high) Ahiram, pr. n. m. Num. 26, 38. Patronym. Ἴ-- ibid.
YVR (brother of evil) Ahira, pr. n. m. of a phylarch or head of the tribe of Naphtali, Num. 1. 15. 2, 29. 7, 78. 83. 10, 27.
“Tey (brother of the dawn) Ahi- Shahar, pr. n. m. 1 Chr. 7, 10.
ἜΣΤΙΝ (brother of the singer, or for “Ww "Mx brother of the upright) Ahishar, pr. n.m. 1K. 4, 6.
ΕΓ ΙΝ (brother of folly) Ahithophel, pr. n. of an early friend of David, who conspired with Absalom against him, 2 Sam. c. 15-17.
Ions (fatness, fertility) Ahlab, pr. n. of a ‘place i in the tribe of Asher, Judg. 1, 31. R. adn.
“STN Ps.119,5, and "SMS 2K.5,3,a particle of wishing, O that ! would God! with fut. Ps. 1. c. without verb 2 K. 1. ο. It is commonly derived from τ. ΠΌΤ Pi. n"25 MM to stroke one’s face, to caress, to court. But not improb. it may be compounded from M¥ and "5 i. q. i
"OMS (O that!) Ahlai, pr. n. τα. ἀπά ἢ 1 Chr. 2, 31; comp. 11, 41.
omN
TMASTIN ΓΙ Ex. 28,19, the name of a gem, Sept. Vulg. ἀμέϑυσέος, amethyst ; but Josephus gives it by ἀχάτης, agate, though there seems to be some confusion in the order of his words. The form is that of a verbal of Hiph. from τ. 52M to dream; perhaps because it was worn as an amulet to induce dreams. A similar superstition is also the ground of the name ἀμέϑυστος, this stone being re-
garded asacharm against drunkenness.
Comp. Braun de Vestitu sacerdot. Heb. II. 16.
NMOMN Ezra 6, 2, Achmetha, i. 6. Ecbatana, the ancient metropolis of Media, the summer residence of the Per- sian kings. The ancient orthography of this name is traced by Lassen (Ind. Biblioth. III. 36) in the Sanscr. agva- dhana, i. 6. Ἱπποστασία ; the Sanscr. ¢ passing over sometimes into a guttural and sometimes into 8. The correspond- ing modern name is Ispahan.
"AOTIN pr. ἢ. m. Ahasbai, 2 Sam. 23,
34. From ΓΞ nom I take refuge in Jehovah.
i “TIN to be after, behind ; to stay be- hind ; hence, to stay, to delay, to remain, in Kal once, 1 pers. fut. "183 Gen. 32,5.—
cvs Arab. re) Conj. II, to defer, to delay.
id.
PreL “Mk, plur. 58 for m8 Judg. 5, 28, fut. “rN
1. to delay, to retard, to hinder any one, Gen. 24, 56; to delay, to defer any thing Ex. 22, 28. Also ellipt. Deut. 7, 10 he will not delay (punishment) to him who hateth him.
2. Intrans. i. q. Kal, to stay, to delay, to linger. Judg. 4, 28 why linger the paces of his chariots? Ps. 40, 15 τὸς “nam delay not. '70, 6. Gen. 34, 19.
3. to stay long, to tarry late in or by any thing, with >¥, Prov. 23, 30 Ὁ ΤΙΝ Ὁ 4781.59 who tarry long at the wine, i. e. . who drink till late in the night. Coup: Is. 5, 11. Ps. 127, 2.
Deriv. "78—MPIhs, and ins.
“WIN (Dag. forte impl.) f. nn, Plur. _ bn, nism, from an obsol. sing. “TIN with Kameta' pure.
36 “ITS
3-72 who hasten to another god, i. e
Syr. Aph. and Shaph. κοΐ and a
1. Adj. pr: after, hinder, follow spec. next following, next, second, (oe n secundus a sequendo,) Gen. 17, 21 m2 MN in the next year, the follow year. 1K. 3, 22.—Hence genr. anoth other ; alius, alia, aliud ; Gen. * 25, 3
᾿ 10. 12. 29, 19. al. sep. Arab. iE
Syr. mel, Liesl. plur. μι], ὍΣ TINS —So ΠΝ EVP other gods, | i. e. idols, Deut. 6, 14. 7, 4. Jer. 1, 16. 7, 18. al. seep. Sing. ans by Ex. 34, 145 without >8 id. Is. 42, 8 “85 “ryN> "2354, ime and my glory will Inot give unto another god. 48, 11. Ps. 16,4 "mx (728)
away from the true God after idols. 2. Aher, pr. ἢ. m. 1 Chr. 7, 12.
ams pr. after, the after part, h part, extremity. Hence
1. Adv. a) Of place, behind, inte back-ground. Gen. 22, 13 "MX bay mont "29PS 393 INN} and lo! aram in the back-ground, caught in a thicket by his horns. Abraham did not see the ram behind himself, as the Vulgate renders, and as it is usually taken; but in the distant part, the back-ground, of what lay before his eyes. [Yet he may naturally be supposed to have looked round on hearing the angel’s voice.—T. | Nor is it necessary to read 4%, with the Samar. Sept. Syr. and 42 Mss. b) Adv. of time, afterwards, then, Gen. 10. 18. 18, 5. 24, 55. 80, 91; ἃ.
2. Prep. a) Of place, behind, Cant. 2,9. Ex. 3, 1 behind the desert, back of it, i. e. on the west of the desert, see in “ing no. 2. Also after, as Ἔ "M& 72h to go after, to follow any one, Gen. 37, 17. Job 31, 7. "M82 pregn. pr. from after, Ps. 78, 71. Ἴδε 31 mi>¥ ἜΝ from after the ewes he brought him, 1. 6. from fol- lowing the ewes, from being a shep- herd. b) Prep. of time, after, Gen. 9, 28. So ΠΤ pb 5n ANN after these things, i. e. afterwards, a formula of transition, Gen. 15, 1. 22,1. With infin. after that, after, Num. 6,19. 9 SAN pr. after so, i.e. after it had so hap- pened, afterwards, Lev. 14, 36. Deut. 21, 13.
3. Conj. "WX “NS after that, Ez. 40, 1; and without SON, Lev. 14, 43. Job 42, 7.
‘om ἢ
Instead of the sing. "Mx, the
ΡΝ plur. "2s is far more frequently aed j
2 below. With suffixes the plur. (οὔτι is always used.
Ῥιση. D779, only in constr. "7X, ὁ suff. "IAN, DIAN, OTN, etc.
1. ‘Subst. the hinder parts, 2 Sam. 2,
23 ΤΌ ΓΙ TIN with the hinder end of, the spear, 2. Prep. a) Of place, behind, Judg. 18, 12 where it is i. ἃ. on the west of, see jn M8 no. 2. More freq. after, behind ‘any one, Lev. 26, 33. 1 Sam. 14, 37. 2K. 19, 21. of77ns (788) those who zo after them, their flatterers, parasites, Ps. 49, 14. Hence, with verbs of going, to follow ; also ’ "20% 755 to be after, to go after any one, i. q. to follow, to be on one’s side, Ex. 23, 2. 2 Sam. 2, 10. Comp. 1 K.1, 7. Prov. 28, 23 03% m3" ἈΧῸΣ πὶ TIN he that rebuketh a man after me (i. 6. after my precepts) shall find favour. Ὁ) Of time, after, Gen. 16, 13. 17,8. With inf. after that, after, ‘Gen. 5, 4. 3. Conj. Wx “MN after that, Deut. 94. 4. Josh. 9, 16. 23,1; rarely with "Ux Dmnitted: Lev. 25, 48. Once "x2 alas Josh. 2, 7.
4, 3 ΠΝ pr. after so, after it had so happened, i. e. afterwards, Gen. 6, 4. 15, 14. 23, 19. 25,26. al. Comp. Syr. 398. and 50 5.9. With tx added _it becomes a conjunction, i. gq. "8X8 "8 after that, like Lat. posteaquam for post- quam, Deut. 24,4. 2 Sam. 24,10. In the later Hebrew we find also MXt "SMX after this, afterwards, Job 42, 16. Ezra 9,10. Comp. Chald. πὸ ΠΝ Dan. 2,
99. 45.
5. With other prepositions:
pr. from bsfters, from behind, from going or following after ; chiefly used of those who abandon a person or party whom they have before followed, Num. 14, 43. Deut. 7, 4, 2 Sam. 20,2. Also at or on the back, behind, after, (comp. 12 no. 3. h,) Josh. 8, 2. Ex. 14, 19. Jer. 9, 21.— Of time, after, Ecc. 10, 14; and in Neh. 4,7 > "IN, in the same sense. Hence - j2 "2782 pr. after so, i.e. afterwards, 2 Sam. 3, 28. 15, 1.
b) "7787>s after, with verbs of mo-
4
1. PS £ (ony) a) "AMX, once ΤΙΝ 2 1 Chr. 17, 7,
» a “aN
tion. 2K. 9, 18 ΠΝ ΤΌΝ 30 turn thee after me, halrind me, 2 Sam. 5, 23.
6) ἌΝ ΟΣ i. gq. "INN, Ez. 41, 15. Comp. b3 no. 3. b.
“WIN Chald. plur. constr. "2m, after, Dan. 2, 29; but by Hebraism. The pure Chaldee preposit. is "M2.
TWIN , fem. 42558, from 718 with the adj. ending jj. :
1. hinder, hindermost, latter, opp. to . foremost, former, (j7289,) Gen. 33, 2. Ex. 4, 8. Deut. 24, 3. Ἰπ πὶ O57 the hinder sea, i. e. western, the Mediterra- nean, Deut. 11, 24. 34, 2. Joel 2, 20.
2. after. later. follewinig, as ἜΗΝ “11 Ps. 48, 14. ἸΠΠῚΝ O° after time, future, Prov. 31, 25. Is. 30, 8, Plur. ΘΛ ΤΙΝ those after, posterity, Job 18, 20.
3. the last, latest, Neh. 8, 18. Is. 44, 6 I [Jehovah] am the first, and I the last. Job 19, 25.—Fem. m25ms adv. last, the last, Dan. 11,29. Also ΤΣ ΤΙΝ 3 Deut. 13, 10. 1K. 17, 13, and παν Ἢ Num. 2, 31. Ece. 1, 11, at-lasi: last.
MAS (for mv In, after the brother,) Aharah, pr. n. 1 Chr. 8, 1.
STIS (behind the breast-work sc. born) Aharhel, pr. n. m. 1 Chr. 4, 8.
IN Chald. constr. see THIN Chald.
“IIS Chald. adj. fem. another, alia, Dan. 2, 39. 7, 5.6; for the common man, the © of the fem. gender being dropped by apocope, like "8x" for med, 125 for mis>2.
TIN Chald. adj. (fr. ἡπ ὅπ) Dan. 4,5 ἡ ΠΤΙΝ ΤΣ pr. at the last, at last, at
length; the 72 being pleonastic, see 52
Chald. A. 2.—Keri j2ns.
1. the last or extreme part, uttermost part, Ps. 139, 9. —Oftener of time: a) the end of a pe- riod, Deut. 11, 12; the end, event of any course of things, latter state, final lot, Job 8, 7. 42, 12. Prov. 5,4 4772 ANAM her end is bitter, i. e. the final lot of those whom the adultress seduces; comp. 23, 32, Sometimes of a happy end or result, Prov: 23, 18. 24,14. b) after-time, the future, espec. in the pro- phetic formula 0°75 N"NNA in future time, in the last days, Is. 2, 2. Gen. 49, 1." Mic. 4, 1. Num. 24, 14. Dain 10, 14.
ΓΝ
2. Concer. those who come after, de- scendants, posterity, Ps. 109, 13. Am. 4, 2. 9,1. Dan. 11, 4.
WIN Chald. f. i. gq. Heb. M7758 no. 1. b. Dan. 2, 28. ἵ
ὙΠ Chald. adj. aneher, alius, Dan. 2, 11.
MEIN adv. (τ. 78) backwards, Gen. 9, 23. 1 Sam. 4,18. Comp. “iny.
DISIIOON τη. plur. Esth. 3, 12. 8, 9. 9, 3. Ezra 8, 36, satraps; the governors or viceroys of the large provinces among the ancient Persians, possessing both civil and military power, and being in the provinces the representatives of the sovereign, whose state and splendour they also rivalled. Single parts or sub- divisions of these provinces were under procurators or prefects, Τὴ ΠΒ ; the sa- traps governed only whole: provinces. See Brisson de regio Pers. principatu I. δ 168. Heeren Ideen' T. I. p. 489'sq. ed. 4.—The genuine form of this name,
-which has lately been found in the
inscriptions of ancient India, is ksatrapa i. e. warrior of the host; see Benfey in Gott. Gel. Anz. 1839. p. 805 sq. Lassen Zeitschr. f. ἃ. Morgenl. ΠΠ. p. 161. To this harsher form corresponds the Greek ἐξατράπης, ἐξαιϑράπης, (Boeckh~ Corp. Inscr. no. 2691. c,) whence arose by degrees the softer σατράπης. The j= is appended. Comp, ΒΡῈ ΠΝ.
PIDIIOAX Chald. m. plur. i. ἃ